Et les routes conduisaient de l'une à l'autre, [c'est-à-dire qu'elles faisaient des routes menant aux villes de refuge, afin que le tueur ne s'égare pas sur la route. Et des panneaux "Refuge" ont été placés au carrefour pour que le meurtrier puisse les voir et les suivre], à savoir. (Deutéronome 19: 3): "Préparez-vous le chemin, divisez-vous en tiers, etc." Et deux érudits de la Torah leur furent fournis, de peur qu'ils ne soient tués en chemin; et ils lui parlaient. [Ils parlaient au rédempteur de sang, c'est-à-dire: "Ne répandez pas le sang; il l'a fait sans le vouloir." R. Meir dit: Il pourrait aussi parler pour lui-même, à savoir. (Ibid. 4): "Et ceci est la 'parole' du tueur [c'est-à-dire qu'il n'était pas nécessaire de lui fournir des érudits de la Torah pour parler au rédempteur de sang en son nom, mais il pouvait le faire lui-même. La halakhah n'est pas conforme à R. Meir.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
ומכוונות היו להם הדרכים – they would make the roads so that they would be in a line to the Cities of Refuge so that the murderer would not err on the way (see Talmud Makkot 9b – in which the cities in the Land of Israel and on the opposite side of the Jordan wer in straight parallel lines like two rows in a vineyard). And [the words] "מקלט מקלט" /”Asylum/Refuge”, “Asylum/Refuge” were written at the crossroads, in order that the murder would recognize it and turn to there.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
Introduction
Mishnah five discusses the making of roads to lead to the cities of refuge and the accompaniment of the manslayer as he makes his way.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
וידברו אליו – they speak to the blood avenger: “do not follow the practice of those who shed blood; this matter came to his hand inadvertently.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
And direct roads were made leading from one to the other, as it says, “You shall prepare the way and divide the borders of your land into three parts” (Deut. 19:3). Roads were to be made leading to the cities of refuge so that the manslayer would not have a difficult time finding his way. Remember that if the blood avenger found him before he arrived at the city of refuge he could kill him without incurring penalty.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
הוא מדבר על ידי עצמו – no Sages are required to speak to the blood avenger on his behalf, but he (i.e., the murderer) makes claims to himself. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
And they delegate to him to disciples of the Sages [as escorts] in case anyone attempted to slay him on the way, and that they might speak to him. Rabbi Meir says: “He may [even] plead his cause himself, as it says, “And this is the word of the manslayer” (Deut. 19:4). In order to prevent the blood avenger from finding the manslayer on his way to the city of refuge the court would assign two disciples of the Sages to travel with him and plead with the blood avenger should he try and attack while on the way. Rabbi Meir’s statement can be read in two ways. He may be suggesting that not only should the disciples of the Sages plead his case, but he should plead himself. According to this interpretation, Rabbi Meir does not disagree with the previous opinion, but rather adds upon it. Alternatively, Rabbi Meir may disagree with the previous opinion. Rabbi Meir may believe that only the manslayer may plead his case, but not the disciples of the Sages. In either case the act of pleading is learned from the verse in Deuteronomy which states “the word of the manslayer”, understood by Rabbi Meir to hint that the manslayer should plead his own case.
