Commentaire sur Makhshirin 5:10
הַמְעָרֶה מֵחַם לְחַם, וּמִצּוֹנֵן לְצוֹנֵן, וּמֵחַם לְצוֹנֵן, טָהוֹר. מִצּוֹנֵן לְחַם, טָמֵא. רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר, אַף הַמְעָרֶה מֵחַם לְחַם וְכֹחוֹ שֶׁל תַּחְתּוֹן יָפֶה מִשֶּׁל עֶלְיוֹן, טָמֵא:
[Si] on verse un [liquide pur] chaud dans un [liquide impur] chaud, ou un liquide froid [liquide pur] dans un [liquide impur] froid, ou un liquide chaud [liquide pur] dans un liquide froid [impur, [le le liquide supérieur reste] pur. [Si l'on verse] un [liquide pur] froid dans un [liquide impur] chaud, le liquide supérieur devient] impur. Rabbi Shimon dit: Même [si] on [verse] un [liquide pur] chaud dans un [liquide impur] chaud, il est impur si la force [température] de l'inférieur est plus grande que celle du supérieur.
Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
המערה מחם לחם – here also it is concerned with liquids that are in the upper vessel that empties from it which are pure/clean, and that the lower vessel that empties into it are impure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Introduction
Today's mishnah continues to deal with the purity of clean water that is being poured into impure water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
מצונן לחם טמא – that the lower [vessel] there brings up vapor to the upper cold vessel and defiles it, that the cloud [of vapor] that rises from the hot [in the lower vessel] is considered like liquid.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
One who pours hot water into hot water, or cold water into cold water, or hot water [poured] into cold water remains clean; But from cold water into hot water, the [cold water] becomes unclean. If one pours from cold water into hot water, the heat of the impure hot water rises into the cold water and causes it to be impure. It seems that the sages think that the lower hot water might raise the temperature of the upper cold water. Since it has a physical effect, it also has a defiling effect. However, in all other cases, the upper water remains pure. In the case of hot water being poured into hot water, since the upper water will not rise in temperature due to the lower water, it remains pure. Again, simple contact through the flow does not cause the impurity to flow from below to above.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Makhshirin
וכוחו של תחתון יפה (that the force of the lower was stronger) – that its heat is greater than that of the upper [vessel]. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Shimon, for since the upper [vessel] is hot, even though the lower [vessel] is hotter than it (i.e., the upper vessel), the activity of the lower [vessel] is not recognized in the upper [vessel] and does not defile it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Makhshirin
Rabbi Shimon says: even in the case of hot water poured into hot water it becomes unclean if the strength of the heat of the lower [water] is greater than that of the upper [water]. Rabbi Shimon says that if the lower one is hotter than the upper one, it too will defile the upper one, even if the upper one is also hot. The principle is that if the lower one could heat up the upper one, the impurity of the bottom contaminates the purity of the upper.
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