Commentaire sur Ma'aserot 1:6
הַפֶּרֶד וְהַצִּמּוּקִין וְהֶחָרוּבִין, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַבְּצָלִים, מִשֶּׁיְּפַקֵּל. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְפַקֵּל, מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַתְּבוּאָה, מִשֶּׁיְּמָרֵחַ. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְמָרֵחַ, עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַקִּטְנִיּוֹת, מִשֶּׁיִּכְבֹּר. וְאִם אֵינוֹ כוֹבֵר, עַד שֶׁיְּמָרֵחַ. אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּרַח, נוֹטֵל מִן הַקֻּטָּעִים וּמִן הַצְּדָדִים וּמִמַּה שֶׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן, וְאוֹכֵל:
Grenade séchée, raisins secs et caroubes, [exigent la dîme] du moment où il empile un tas. Oignons, à partir du moment où il les épluche. S'il ne pèle pas, à partir du moment où il empile une pile. Du grain, à partir du moment où il le lisse même. S'il ne lisse même pas, à partir du moment où il empile une pile. Haricots, à partir du moment où il le tamise. S'il ne tamise pas, à partir de quand il lisse même. Même s'il a tamisé, il peut prendre du cassé et des côtés et de ce qui est au milieu du grain et le manger.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
הפרד (dried pomegranates) – it was the practice to spread/separate the pomegranates and to dry them and those dried berries are called פרד/split and dried pomegranates on account that we separate them in order that the [(heat of the) sun] can enter into from every side.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Dried pomegranate seeds, raisins and carobs, [are liable for tithes] after he has made a pile. These dried fruits are liable for tithes once he has made them into a pile in order to bring them to market. [As an aside, I am eating a delicious pomegranate, fresh not dried, while I write this yummy and healthy! It doesn’t get any better than this.]
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
משיפקל (to strip them) – like to peel/husk them, that is to say when he removes from upon them the bad husks.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Onions, once he removes the onion seeds. If he does not remove the onion seeds, after he makes a pile. Albeck explains that the mishnah refers to removing the “mothers of the onion,” the parts of the onion used to grow new onions. Other interpreters make a slight modification in the spelling of the Hebrew, and interpret the mishnah to read “once he has peeled” the onion, which would refer to the very outer skin. The default point for onions and for other types of produce is “when he has made a pile” which is the first point when it comes to the dried fruits in the previous section.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
משימרח – after we clean the grain from its chaff, we collect/heap them in one place in the threshing floor/granary and beautify the face of the pile and we divide it and it is called giving the pile of grain an even shape.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Grain, once he smoothes out the pile. If he does not smooth the pile, after he makes a pile. Grain is liable for tithes once he smoothes out the pile, but if he doesn’t smooth out the pile, then it is liable from the time he makes a pile.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
משיכבור – for it was the practice to uproot the peas with the dust, one must sift them in a basket used as a sieve/a large round vessel.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Pulse, after he has sifted it. If he does not sift, after he smoothes out a pile. Pulse, or legumes, is liable for tithes once it has been sifted in order to remove the “shmutz,” the dirt and pebbles. But if he does not intend to remove the shmutz, then pulse too is liable for tithes once he has smoothed out a pile.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Even after he has smoothed out the pile, he may [without tithing] take from the broken ears, from the sides of the piles, and from that which is mixed in with the chaff, and eat. This section refers to the grain mentioned in section three. Although grain is liable for tithes once he has smoothed out a pile, he may nevertheless continue to “nibble” from certain parts of the grain, such as ears of grain that have not been successfully threshed, without tithing them. He can also eat ears of grain that are on the sides of the pile and not in the pile itself, and he can eat ears of grain that are still mixed in with straw. In other words, he can’t eat from the ears of grain that have been successfully processed and placed in the pile, but he can continue to eat, without tithing, from ears of grain that were not successfully processed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
מן הצדדים – the sides of the pile that were not shaped into an even pile.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
וממה שמתוך התבן – that was not winnowed from the chaff.
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