Quelle est la quantité (requise) (pour un tchum eruv)? Assez pour deux repas pour chacun (participant à l'érouv) [Puisqu'il y acquiert une habitation, il doit y placer la nourriture dont il a besoin pour Shabbath.], Sa nourriture pour un jour de semaine et non pour Shabbath. Ce sont les paroles de R. Meir. R. Yehudah dit: Pour Shabbath et non pour un jour de semaine. Et les deux (R. Meir et R. Yehudah) ont l'intention d'être indulgents (dans leur décision). [R. Meir soutient que le Shabbath, on mange plus, car la nourriture est plus savoureuse. Et R. Yehudah soutient que puisque le Shabbath on mange trois repas, il ne mange pas beaucoup à chaque repas, de sorte que deux repas de la semaine représentent plus de deux repas du sabbat.] R. Yochanan b. B'roka dit: Un pain pour un pundion, quatre sa'ah pour un sela [c'est-à-dire un pain acheté pour un pundion quand quatre sa'ah de blé sont vendus pour un sela. Quatre sa'ah sont vingt-quatre kavin, et un sela est vingt-quatre ma'ah, qu'il y a un kav pour chaque ma'ah. Une ma'ah est deux pundionin—de sorte qu'un pain vendu sur le marché pour un pundion équivaut à un demi kav. Et le commerçant prend la moitié de son salaire pour la cuisson et le broyage, de sorte qu'un pain acheté à un commerçant pour un pundion équivaut à un quart de kav, qui sont six œufs, un kav étant vingt-quatre œufs. Et c'est la quantité des deux repas (nécessaires) pour l'érouv selon R. Yochanan b. B'roka. La halakha est en accord avec lui.] R. Shimon dit: Deux tiers d'un pain de trois pour un kav. [Il réduit le montant, disant que les deux tiers d'un pain de trois pains à un kav suffisent pour un érouv. Une miche entière de huit œufs équivaut à un tiers d'un kav. Les deux tiers de cela— cinq œufs et un troisième —c'est deux repas.] La moitié pour une maison avec une tache de peste. [Ceci est une Michna anonyme et doit être compris ainsi: La moitié d'un pain complet, selon l'estimation des deux (R. Yochanan b. B'roka et R. Shimon) est le montant pour (le critère de) "dans une maison avec une tache de peste. Car celui qui entre dans une maison avec une peste lépreuse, bien qu'il devienne immédiatement impur, n'est pas obligé de laver ses vêtements jusqu'à ce qu'il «reste» là assez longtemps pour manger, «assez longtemps pour manger» étant entendu comme assez longtemps pour manger un demi-pain. D'après R. Yochanan b. B'roka, qui dit qu'un pain entier est un quart de kav, qui est six œufs, la moitié de cela, trois œufs, est le "pras" (un demi-pain) dans tout le Talmud. Et selon R. Shimon, qui dit qu'un pain entier est un tiers d'un kav, qui est huit œufs, la moitié de cela, quatre œufs, est le "pras" de tout le Talmud. Et même si R. Shimon soutient qu'un pain entier contient trois repas (les deux tiers d'un pain constituant deux repas selon R. Shimon), c'est en ce qui concerne l'érouv, où l'intention était d'être indulgente, de sorte que deux pleins les repas n'étaient pas nécessaires. Mais dans tous les autres endroits, R. Shimon soutient qu'un repas n'est pas moins d'un demi-pain d'un tiers de kav, la consommation de ce demi-pain, quatre œufs, étant le critère.] La moitié d'un demi pour rendre le corps inapte. [Si l'on mange un demi-pras d'aliments impurs, son corps devient impur par ordonnance rabbinique vis-à-vis de la consommation de terumah. Et un demi pras est un œuf et demi selon R. Yochanan b. B'roka et deux œufs selon R. Shimon.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מזון שתי סעודות לכל אחד – because he acquires his Sabbath camp/place to be the center of Sabbath movements there, he needs to leave there some food that he needs for Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah discusses the minimum measure of food which is need for a Shabbat border eruv.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אלו ואלו מתכוונים להקל – Rabbi Meir holds that on Shabbat a person eats more because it is the basis of his cooking (which is why he preferred as his standard the food that he consumes on a weekday). But Rabbi Yehuda holds that since on Shabbat he eats three meals, he doesn’t eat a great deal at each meal, but the two meals of a weekday is more than two meals of the Sabbath [day].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
What is the minimum measure [for Shabbat border eruvin]? Food for two meals for each person, for weekdays and not for Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: for Shabbat and not for weekdays. And both intended to give a leniency. According to Rabbi Meir, the eruv must consist of enough food for two weekday meals. Rabbi Judah says the food should be enough for Shabbat meals and not weekday meals. Seemingly we would think that a person eats more on Shabbat than during the week, so Rabbi Judah would be stricter than Rabbi Meir. However, the mishnah says that both intended to be lenient. In order to understand this, we need to explain that the eruv’s minimum measurement was set according to the amount of bread eaten at a typical meal. According to Rabbi Meir, on Shabbat one eats a lot of different types of food and a lot of bread to accompany the food. Therefore, on Shabbat one eats more, and the minimum amount of food for the eruv is set according to the bread eaten during the week, a lesser amount. According to Rabbi Judah, since on Shabbat there are many side dishes a person eats less bread than he would during the week when there are less side dishes. Therefore, Rabbi Judah sets the minimum amount of bread for the eruv according to what one eats on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ככר בפונדיון – a loaf that is purchased for a Pundiyon (equal to 16 perutot/pennies or 2 Issar) – when they sell four S’ah of wheat to a Sela, and four S’ah are twenty-four Kabin, and the Sela is twenty-four M’ah, it is found that it is a Kab for each M’ah and the M’ah is two Pundiyon, behold that a loaf that is sold in the marketplace for a Pundiyon which is one-half of a Kab, and the storekeeper buys half for the cost of the baking and the milling, it is found that the loaf that is purchased from the storekeeper for a Pundiyon is one-quarter of a Kab which is six eggs, for the Kab is twenty-four eggs in volume, and they are the measurement of two meals of the Eruv according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Berokah. And the Halakha is according to him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pondium when the price of wheat is four se’ah for a sela. Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka gives a minimum amount of bread that must be used for the eruv. This amount of bread is what is sufficient for two meals. It is the size of a loaf that can be bought for one pundion (a coin) when 4 se’ah (24 kav, a measure of volume) of wheat are sold for a sela (a coin worth 48 pundion). If we do the math, we can see that a kav of wheat is bought for two pundionim, meaning that one pundion will buy half a kav of wheat, which according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka is sufficient for two meals.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
רבי שמעון – [he] reduces the requisite measure and states that it is enough to make an Eruv with two-thirds of a loaf of the size of three loaves to the Kab. And a complete loaf [of bread] of eight eggs is one-third of a Kab. But two-thirds of it which are five eggs and more (i.e., one-third) is for two meals.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made from a kav [of wheat]. Half of this loaf is the size prescribed for a leprous house, and half of its half is the size that disqualifies one’s body [from eating terumah]. According to Rabbi Shimon, two meals are equivalent to two-thirds of a loaf when three loaves are made from a kav of wheat. A loaf is therefore 1/3 of a kav and 2/3 of a loaf is two meals. This is a smaller amount than that set by Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka. Rabbi Shimon now mentions two other halakhot which are connected to the size of a loaf of bread he mentioned above. Half of this loaf, meaning 1/6 of a kav is related to the laws of an infected (leprous house). One who stays in the house long enough to eat a loaf of bread of this size is impure. Half of this, meaning 1/12 of a kav is relevant to disqualifying someone from eating terumah. This means that a person who eats 1/12 of a kav of impure food cannot eat terumah until he immerses in a mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חציה לבית המנוגע – this [section] is an anonymous Mishnah, and this is what he said: Half of a full loaf [of bread] that they estimated/measured whether according to the one (Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka) or the other (Rabbi Shimon), is the measurement for a delay/pause in a leprous house, for a person who enters into a house where there is within it the plague of leprosy, even though becomes immediately ritually defiled, he does not require the washing of his clothes until he waits in order to eat, and this half-loaf [of bread] is in order that he can eat. But for Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka who stated that a full loaf which is a quarter of a Kab – being the volume of six eggs, it is found that half of that is three eggs, and it this is a piece/certain quantity of bread [or half a loaf] (see Tractate Negaim, Chapter 13, Mishnah 9), that is in the entire Talmud. But for Rabbi Shimon who stated that a full loaf [of bread] is one-third of a Kab, which is eight eggs, that half is four eggs, and this is a piece of bread/half a loaf in all of the Talmud according to Rabbi Shimon. But even though that Rabbi Shimon holds that in a full loaf [of bread] are three meals, for the two-thirds that Rabbi Shimon mentions – is for two meals, these words concern an Eruv that they intended for it, to be lenient, and there is no need for two complete meals. But in all the rest of the places, Rabbi Shimon thinks that a meal is not less than one-half of a loaf of one-third of a Kab, and we require that he wait/delay [the time it takes] in order that he can eat this half-loaf which is four eggs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חצי חציה לפסול את הגויה – that the person who consumes impure foods equivalent to one-half of a piece of bread, his body is defiled according to the Rabbis from eating heave-offering/Terumah (if he is a Kohen). And half of a piece of bread is an egg-and-a-half [in volume] according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka and two eggs [in volume] according to Rabbi Shimon.
