Et R. Yehudah a dit plus loin: On stipule sur un panier le premier jour de la fête et on le mange le second. [Un panier avec des fruits de tevel (produits sans dîme)—on le stipule le premier jour de Roch Hachana, en disant: "Si aujourd'hui est chol (pas yom tov), que ce soit terumah pour ceux-là; et si aujourd'hui est kodesh, il n'y a rien dans mes paroles." Car les terumoth ne sont pas séparés sur yom tov. Et le lendemain, il dit: "Si hier était kodesh et aujourd'hui est chol, que ce que j'ai désigné hier soit terumah pour ceux-ci; et si aujourd'hui est kodesh et hier était chol, c'est déjà terumah." Et il mange (de) le panier de la dîme et laisse sur la terumah.] Et les sages ne furent pas d'accord avec lui. [Les "sages" ici sont R. Yossi (comme ci-dessus), qui soutient qu'ils sont une seule sainteté et que la terumah ne peut être séparée sur elle. Et il n'en est ainsi que pour les deux jours de Roch Hachana, comme expliqué ci-dessus.] De même (R. Yehudah a dit que) un œuf éclos le premier jour [de Roch Hachana] peut être mangé le second. [Car si le premier est kodesh, le second est chol; et un œuf éclos sur yom tov est autorisé sur chol, il n'y a pas de hachanah ("préparation") pour le chol. Et si le premier est chol et le second kodesh, on trouve que chol se prépare, de manière appropriée, à se préparer au kodesh.] Et les sages n'étaient pas d'accord avec lui [vis-à-vis des deux jours de Rosh Hashanah seul, les considérant comme un sainteté; mais ils étaient d'accord avec lui pour les deux jours de fête de l'exil.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מתנה אדם על הכלכלה – a basket that he has of fruits that are eatables forbidden the separation of sacred gifts, he makes a condition about the on the first Holy Day of Rosh Hashanah and states, “if today is a weekday, this will be heave offering on these, but if today is a Holy Day [of Rosh Hashanah], there is nothing in my words,” for we don’t collect heave-offering/Terumah on Yom Tov. And on the morrow, he states, “if yesterday was Holy and today is a weekday, may this that I stated yesterday regarding this [produce] be heave-offering on this, but if today is a Holy Day and yesterday was a weekday, it already was heave-offering/Terumah. And he consumes the basket containing chosen fruits that is designated and leaves over the Terumah/heave-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that according to Rabbi Judah, a person may make make two separate eruvin for the two days of Rosh Hashanah because they are distinct entities. In today’s mishnah we learn other halakhot concerning the two days of Rosh Hashanah, which Rabbi Judah considers to be two distinct days.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ולא הודו לו חכמים – this is Rabbi Yossi as we stated (see previous Mishnah), who holds that it they are one holiness, and we don’t collect Terumah/heave-offering on them And especially with the two holy days of Rosh Hashanah as we have explained above.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah further said: a man may stipulate concerning a basket [of produce] on the first festival day [of Rosh Hashanah] and may then eat it on the second day, On the first day of Rosh Hashanah a person finds himself with a basket of produce from which terumah and tithes have not been separated. It is forbidden to eat the produce without separating the tithes and terumah but on Rosh Hashanah it is forbidden to separate them. Rabbi Judah offers a halakhic solution to this problem, one that would at least allow him to eat the produce on the second day. On the first day, he takes out the tithes and terumah and declares, “If today is not Rosh Hashanah and tomorrow is, then behold I am separating terumah and tithes for this produce. But if today is Rosh Hashanah, then my declaring these to be tithes and terumah is invalid.” On that day he cannot eat them, lest that day actually be Rosh Hashanah, in which case his declaration was invalid. The next day he again picks up the tithes and terumah and declares, “If today is Rosh Hashanah and yesterday was not, then behold I already separated them yesterday. And if today is not Rosh Hashanah and yesterday was, then behold I am now separating the tithes and terumah.” He may now eat the produce since he either separated yesterday (if yesterday was not Rosh Hashanah) or today (if today was not Rosh Hashanah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ביצה שנולדה בראשון – of Rosh Hashanah (see the first Mishnah of the Tractate Betzah).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
And so also if an egg was laid on the first [festival] day it may be eaten on the second. One cannot eat an egg laid on a festival because it was not available to be eaten when the festival began. However, Rabbi Judah says that on the second day of Rosh Hashanah one could eat an egg laid on the first day. If the first day was really Rosh Hashanah, then he can eat it on the second day because Rosh Hashanah is over. If the second day is Rosh Hashanah then he can eat it then because it was laid before Rosh Hashanah began.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
תאכל בשני – for if the first [day] is holy, the second is a weekday, and the egg that was born on Yom Tov is permitted on a weekday, for there is no preparation for a weekday. But if the first [day] is a weekday and the second is a holy day, it is found that that thee weekday prepares for the Holy day, and that is all right.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
But the sages did not agree with him. Again the other rabbis disagree with Rabbi Judah and claim that the two days are not distinct, one being the actual Rosh Hashanah and the other not being Rosh Hashanah at all, but rather are to be treated as one long day. Therefore, things cannot be permitted on the second day if they were prohibited on the first.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ולא הודו לו חכמים – on the two days of Rosh Hashanah alone, for they are one holiness. But on the rest of the Holy Days of the Diaspora, they (i.e., the Sages) agree with him.
