Si la gerbe était près d'un gappah [une clôture de pierres placées les unes sur les autres sans terreau], d'une pile, de bétail ou [de labour] d'instruments, Beth Shammai dit que ce n'est pas shikchah, et Beth Hillel dit que c'est shikchah. [L'argument entre Beth Shammai et Beth Hillel concernait une gerbe qu'il prit pour emporter dans la ville et qu'il plaça à côté d'un gappah ou d'une pile, où il l'oublia. Beth Shammai dit que ce n'est pas shikchah parce qu'il s'en est emparé, et Beth Hillel dit que c'est shikchah. Autre interprétation: Beth Shammai dit que ce n'est pas du shikchah même avec une gerbe qu'il n'a pas du tout saisi. Car puisqu'il l'a placé à côté d'un objet particulier, il en viendra à s'en souvenir; et Beth Hillel dit que c'est shikchah, tant qu'il ne s'en empare pas. Et Beth Hillel admet que s'il s'en emparait puis l'oublia, ce n'est pas shikchah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
לגפה (this Mishnah is also taught in Tractate Peah, Chapter 6, Mishnah 2) – a fence of stones set up one on top of the other without plaster.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
Introduction
The Mishnah continues to bring disputes between Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel, in which Beth Shammai took the lenient position.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
ולכלים – the utensil of the plough
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
A sheaf which was close to a wall or to a stack or to the herd or to [field] utensils, and was forgotten, Beth Shammai says: it does not count as forgotten, And Beth Hillel says: it counts as forgotten. This mishnah continues to discuss the definition of “forgotten”. According to Beth Shammai, if one left a sheaf close to a specific item, we can assume that he intended to go back and get the sheaf, and that is why he left it close to that item. In this case he may go back and collect it at a later time. Beth Hillel does consider this sheaf to be forgotten and therefore it belongs to the poor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot
ב"ש אומרים אינו שכחה – The dispute of the Schools of Shammai and Hillel regarding sheaves that taken possession of to be brought into the city and he placed it at the side of the wall or on the side of the stack and forgot it there. For the School of Shammai states that it is not something forgotten, for he merited it. But the School of Hillel states that it is something forgotten. Another interpretation: The School of Shammai states that it is [not] something forgotten, even sheaves that were taken possession of as such at all, it is not something forgotten, for since he placed them at some specific thing that he would in the future remember it. But the School of Hillel states that it is something forgotten all the while that he didn’t take possession of them. But the School of Hillel admits that if he took possession of them and afterwards forgot it, it is not something forgotten
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot
Questions for Further Thought: • From whose perspective is Beth Shammai lenient in these mishnayoth? Why does the editor of the Mishnah consider them lenient and Beth Hillel strict?
