Mishnah
Mishnah

Commentaire sur Édouyot 3:9

אַרְבָּעָה דְבָרִים רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. כִּסּוּי טֶנִי שֶׁל מַתָּכוֹת שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָתִּים, וּתְלוֹי הַמַּגְרֵדוֹת, וְגָלְמֵי כְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת, וְטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנָיִם. וּמוֹדִים חֲכָמִים לְרַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל בְּטַבְלָא שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה לִשְׁנַיִם, אֶחָד גָּדוֹל וְאֶחָד קָטָן, הַגָּדוֹל טָמֵא וְהַקָּטָן טָהוֹר:

Quatre choses, R. Gamliel régit le tamei, et les sages le tahor: le teni-couverture des métaux des propriétaires [("teni" :) un récipient en métal dans lequel les propriétaires placent des déchets ou des éclats de métal. R. Gamliel régit le couvercle tamei, car il (le couvercle) est également considéré comme un navire, un couvercle ayant également un récipient. Et les sages le gouvernent, soutenant que puisqu'il a été fait uniquement pour le couvrir, il n'est pas considéré comme un récipient], et les crochets strigil [sur lesquels sont accrochés les strigils («grattoirs») dans les bains publics. (Chacun des clients prend un strigil et se gratte les pieds et le corps)], et des récipients en métal non finis, [qui doivent encore être lissés, grattés ou martelés, ou qui n'ont pas de rebord ou d'oreille. Ils ne sont pas susceptibles de tumah selon les sages jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient terminés], et une table de deux moitiés [c'est-à-dire, une table d'argile qui a des rebords et qui est faite de telle manière qu'une partie n'est pas plus grande que l'autre. C'est dans un tel cas que R. Gamliel et les sages diffèrent.] Et les sages sont d'accord avec R. Gamliel que dans un tableau en deux parties, où une partie est grande et l'autre petite, la grande partie est tamei et la petite partie, tahor. [La halakha est conforme aux sages.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot

טני – a metal utensil that householders place in it broken wares/trash and broken metal utensils. And Rabban Gamaliel defiles the cover/lid for he holds that the lid is considered and utensil, since the lid also has a receptacle. But the Sages [declare it] pure, as they hold that since it was not made other than to cover it, it is not considered a utensil.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eduyot

Four things Rabban Gamaliel pronounces susceptible to impurity, and the Sages pronounce them not susceptible to impurity.
The covering of a metal basket, if it belongs to householders;
And the hanger of a strigil;
And metals vessels which are still unshaped;
And a plate that is divided into two [equal] parts. And the Sages agree with Rabban Gamaliel in the case of a plate that was divided into two parts, one large and one small, that the large one is susceptible to impurity and the small one is not susceptible to impurity.

The next three mishnayoth contain halakhic traditions revolving around Rabban Gamaliel. Mishnah nine continues the pattern of the previous mishnah, of a dispute over which things are susceptible to impurity.
In mishnah eight we learned of three things that Rabbi Zadok declared susceptible to impurity and the Sages not susceptible. In mishnah nine we will learn of the same type of dispute, this time between Rabban Gamaliel and the Sages. Again, they seem to be disputing about how to define when something is a “vessel” such that it is susceptible to impurity. They dispute over four items:
1) The covering of a metal basket which belongs to a householder. In another tractate we learn that there is a difference between this type of covering if it is owned by a doctor. The doctors used these coverings for various uses, and therefore everyone agrees that they are susceptible to impurity. Rabban Gamaliel holds that a covering of this type of basket is used by non-professionals as well, and is therefore susceptible to impurity even if it belongs to a non-professional (a householder). The Sages disagree.
2) The hanger of a strigil. A strigil was a type of comb used during baths to scrape off dead skin. All agree that the strigil itself is susceptible to impurity. They disagree about the small chain attached to the strigil to hang it on a hook. According to Rabban Gamaliel it too is considered a vessel and therefore receives impurity. According to the Sages it does not.
3) Generally speaking, unformed vessels cannot receive impurity. However, when it comes to metal vessels that have not been fully finished, in other words they have not been polished, Rabban Gamaliel holds that they are susceptible to impurity, since they can be used. The Sages insist that as long as they are not fully finished they cannot receive impurity.
According to Rabban Gamaliel, a plate broken in two can still receive impurity. The Sages hold that broken vessels cannot generally speaking receive impurity. However, they agree with Rabban Gamaliel that if one of the pieces was large, that it still can receive impurity, since it is still useful. The small piece cannot receive impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot

ותלוי המגרדות – nails that hangs on them the strigils in the bath houses and when everyone enters there, each person takes a strigil and combs/scrapes his feet and his body.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot

וגולמי כלי מתכות – that is needed to rub/polish, comb and knock together with a mallet or something lacking a rim or a handle, they do not become defiled according to the words of the Sages until their work has been completed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eduyot

טבלא שנחלקה לשנים – an earthenware plate that has vertical rims/edges and it is made as two equivalent pieces where one of them is not larger than its fellow, and in this Rabban Gamaliel and the Sages dispute. But the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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