Les offrandes brûlées sur Chol Hamoed sont apportées de chullin (argent non consacré); et offrandes de paix, de la dîme. [Notre Mishnah est défectueuse. Voici ce qui a été enseigné: le vœu et le don des holocaustes sont apportés sur Chol Hamoed et non sur yom tov; et l'holocauste de "voir" est apporté même de yom tov. Même si elle peut être «payée» tous les sept jours, sa mitsva essentielle est le premier jour du festival. Et quand il est apporté, il est apporté uniquement de chullin. Et les offrandes de paix de joie viennent de la dîme. Autrement dit, ils peuvent provenir de la deuxième dîme. Car les offrandes de paix de joie ne sont pas obligatoires là où il y a une (autre) viande, et il a de l'argent de deuxième dîme (à dépenser pour eux) à Jérusalem, de sorte qu'avec cela il achète des offrandes de paix et les mange. Mais l'offre du premier jour du festival est obligatoire, même s'il a de la viande en abondance. Et tout ce qui est obligatoire est apporté de chullin et non de la dîme.] L'offrande du premier jour de la fête de Pessa'h—Beth Shammai dit: (Il est apporté) de chullin. Beth Hillel dit: De la dîme. [("le premier jour de la fête de Pessa'h" :) Il en va de même pour les premiers jours des autres fêtes. Pessa'h est enseignée parce que la veille de Pessa'h, il y a une offre de festival différente. Lorsque la compagnie pour (manger) de Pessa'h était grande, ils apportaient une offrande de fête avec elle, de sorte que l'offrande de Pessa'h soit mangée avec satiété. Notre Michna nous apprend que c'est l'offrande du festival de yom tov qui est apportée uniquement de chullin, mais l'offrande du festival du quatorzième (de Nissan) peut être apportée de la dîme. ("Beth Hillel dit: De la dîme" :) La gemara demande comment cela peut être si c'est obligatoire et que toutes les choses obligatoires sont apportées uniquement de chullin. Et il répond: Quand il joint l'argent de la deuxième dîme avec le chullin, c'est-à-dire s'il a beaucoup de "mangeurs", pour lesquels un animal ne suffira pas, il peut apporter un animal comme offrande de fête de chullin et d'autres de l'argent de la deuxième dîme . Et même si le nom «offrande du festival» s'attache à tout ce qui est apporté le premier jour du festival, Beth Hillel soutient qu'il est permis de ramener les autres de la dîme une fois qu'il a déjà rempli son obligation avec le premier de chullin. ]
Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
עולות באות מן החולין – Our Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows: burnt-offerings, offerings made by vow and free-will offerings, during the Intermediate Days of the Festival (i.e., Hol HaMoed) – is comes [from them i.e., burnt-offerings, offerings made by vow and free-will offerings, but on Yom Tov (the “holy day”) itself, they do not come [from them]. But the burnt-offering of “appearance” is brought even on Yom Tov, even though it has indemnity all seven [days], the essence of its commandment is on the first day of Yom Tov, and when it is brought, it does not come from other than non-sacred [animals]. But the peace-offerings of rejoicing come from the [Second] Tithe, meaning, we can bring peace-offerings of rejoicing from the monies of the Second Tithe, since the peace-offerings of rejoicing are not obligatory in a place where there is meat. And behold, there are monies of the Second Tithe to spend in Jerusalem. Therefore, he should purchase with them peace-offerings and consume them, but the Festival offering of the First Day of Yom Tov, is a matter of obligation, even if he has a lot of meat. For anything that is because it is a matter of obligation, it does not come other than from non-sacred [animals] and not from the [Second] Tithe.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
Introduction
When people would make their pilgrimage festivals to Jerusalem, they would usually bring with them money which they had used to redeem their second tithe. Second tithe can be eaten by its owners but only in Jerusalem. To make things easier for people the Torah allows them to redeem the produce for money, take the money to Jerusalem and use it there to buy food items. Our mishnah deals with which sacrifices one can buy from second tithe money and which have to be purchased with “hullin,” unconsecrated money. It is in the best interests of the pilgrim to be able to use his second tithe money, money which he will have to spend in Jerusalem in any case.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
בי"ט ראשון של פסח – The same rule applies regarding the First Day of the other Festivals, but for this [purpose] he took “Passover,” since there is [on] the Eve of Passover another Festival offering, when the group united for eating the Passover lamb in company (see Exodus 12:4) is larger m they would bring with them the Festival offering, in order that the Passover [lamb] sacrifice would be eaten after the appetite is satisfied (see Tosefta Pesahim, Chapter 5, Halakha 3), and our Mishnah comes to teach us that the Festival offering (i.e., Hagigah) itself does not come from anything other than non-sacred [animals], but the Festival offering of the fourteenth [of Nisan] comes from the [Second] Tithe.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
Burnt-offerings during the festival [week] are to be brought from [animals bought with] unconsecrated money, and thanksgiving offerings, from [animals bought with] tithe money. This section deals with hol hamoed, the middle of the week of Sukkot and Pesah. Burnt-offerings, the pilgrimage offerings, which are obligatory, must be brought with animals purchased with unconsecrated money. This is the same rule as for all mandatory offerings they may not be purchased with tithe money. Celebratory thanksgiving offering, brought during the middle of the festival are not obligatory as are the other festival offerings. A person has to eat meat during the week and while it was customary to use thanksgiving offerings, it was not mandated. Since this sacrifice wasn’t mandated, one can use tithe money to purchase it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chagigah
ובה"א מן המעשר – In the Gemara, an objection is raised: why is this a matter that is obligatory? Since everything that is an obligation, does not come other than from non-sacred [animals]. And it responds that one combines [from two different monetary sources] (see Talmud Hagigah 8a) – that he combines Second Tithe monies with the [monies used to purchase the Festival offering/Pilgrim’s offering for] non-sacred animals and brings it [to the Temple]. If he has [with him] many “consumers” (i.e., people who need to eat), and he does not have sufficient with one animal, he brings one animal for the Festival offering from the non-sacred [animals], and the rest comes from the Second Tithe monies, and even though all of comes [for sacrifice] on the First Day of Yom Tov, the “name” of Hagigah/Festival offering is upon them. Nevertheless, the School of Hillel holds that it is permissible to bring the rest from the [Second] Tithe since he has already fulfilled his religious obligation on the First Day from the non-sacred [animals].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chagigah
On the first festival day of Pesah: Bet Shammai say: [they must be brought] from [animals bought with] unconsecrated money. And Bet Hillel say: [they can be brought also] from [animals bought with] tithe money. On the first day of both Pesah and Sukkot, and on Shavuot, the thanksgiving offering, the hagigah, is obligatory. Since it is a mandated offering, Bet Shammai holds that it must come from animals purchased with unconsecrated money. Bet Hillel holds that one can still use tithe money because the hagigah is partially eaten by its owners. The Torah states that second tithe must be used to purchase food and the hagigah is food. According to the Talmud, second tithe cannot be used to purchase the whole animal, because some of the animal is offered on the altar. It may only be used as part of the purchasing price.
