R. Elazar b. Azaryah dit: La prière de moussaf ("supplémentaire") est récitée seulement bechever ir [bechavurath ha'ir ("avec une compagnie de la ville"); c'est-à-dire avec une congrégation, et non individuellement.] Et les sages disent: Bechever ir et non bechever ir [à la fois avec une congrégation et individuellement.] R. Yehudah dit dans son [R. Nom d'Elazar]: Partout où il y a une congrégation, un individu est dispensé de la récitation de la prière moussaf. [La différence entre le premier tanna et R. Yehudah—un individu vivant dans une ville où il n'y a pas dix hommes. Selon le premier tanna citant R. Elazar à l'effet qu'il n'a été institué qu'avec une congrégation, cet individu est exempté. Selon R. Yehudah, un individu n'est exempté que lorsqu'il se trouve dans un endroit où il y a dix hommes, auquel cas le priant l'exempte. La halakha est selon les sages.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
אין תפלת המוספים אלא בחבר עיר – In communities of the city, that is to say, as a tzibbur/congregation and not as an individual.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Introduction
The final mishnah of the chapter deals with the musaf prayer, the additional prayer recited on Shabbat, festivals and Rosh Hodesh. This prayer corresponds to the musaf sacrifices offered in the Temple on the aforementioned days.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
בחבר עיר ושלא בחבר עיר – whether as a congregation or as an individual.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah says: The musaf prayer is said only with the local congregation. According to Rabbi Elzazar ben Azaryah the musaf prayer is not an individual prayer but rather a communal one. It is only said with the local congregation. It seems that according to Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah the musaf retains a connection to its Temple roots. While the other regular prayers are only loosely connected to the Temple, the musaf prayer is strongly connected. Since the Temple was a public offering, the musaf prayer does not become an individual prayer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Berakhot
ר' יהודה אומר משמו – in the name of Rabbi Eleazar ben Azariah. There is a difference between the first teacher [of our Mishnah] and Rabbi Yehuda: An individual who dwells in a city where there aren’t ten [individuals – for a Minyan], according to the First Teacher [of our Mishnah] according to the opinion of Rabbi Eleazar who said, that they did not establish this other than with a community of the city, then an individual is exempt. But according to Rabbi Yehuda, an individual is only exempt when he is in a place where ten [individuals are found] and the שליח ציבור/emissary of the congregation exempts him. And the Halakha follows the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
The sages say: whether with or with out the congregation. The other rabbis do not make any distinction between the various recitations of the Tefillah. All are equally obligatory upon the individual regardless of whether the community is reciting them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Berakhot
Rabbi Judah said in his name: wherever there is a congregation, an individual is exempt from saying the musaf prayer. Rabbi Judah somewhat modifies Rabbi Elazar ben Azaryah’s position. Individuals are obligated to recite the musaf tefillah, but only if there is no congregation in his community to recite the prayer. If the community is reciting the prayer and he can’t be there for some reason, then he is exempt.
