Le bois (pour le bois d'allumage) n'est pas coupé (sur yom tov) des poutres [pour la construction, disposées sur le sol pour les empêcher de se plier], ni d'une poutre qui s'est cassée sur yom tov. [Car même si elle est digne de l'allumage maintenant, ce n'était pas avant yom tov.] Et on ne peut pas couper: ni avec une hache [Notre Michna est défectueuse. Il a été enseigné ainsi:… "mais on peut couper du bois à partir d'une poutre qui a été cassée avant yom tov. Et quand ils coupent, ils ne coupent ni avec une hache"] ni avec une scie, [qui est l'outil d'un ouvrier], ni avec une faucille [Ceci aussi est l'outil d'un ouvrier, et (en l'utilisant) il donne l'impression qu'il souhaite effectuer le travail], mais [ils coupent] avec un hack, [un hack de boucher, qui n'est pas un outil d'ouvrier . Certains d'entre eux ont deux têtes, une large, dite «féminine»; l'autre, étroit, dit «masculin». Et on ne peut couper qu'avec la tête masculine.] Une maison pleine de fruits—S'il était fermé et ouvert, on peut sortir (fruits) par l'ouverture. [Et nous ne disons pas qu'ils sont muktzeh en raison de l'interdiction, il est interdit de l'ouvrir sur yom tov, afin que son esprit ne soit pas sur eux. Car la «maison» de notre Michna n'est pas une maison construite avec du goudron et de la chaux, mais un arrangement de briques, les unes sur les autres, sans goudron. De sorte qu'en l'absence d'interdiction de la Torah de l'ouvrir, les fruits ne sont pas muktzeh—tout comme nous disons à propos du tevel (produit sans dîme), que ce n'est pas muktzeh; car s'il l'a transgressée et amendée (c'est-à-dire la dîme) (sur yom tov), elle est amendée.] R. Meir dit: Il peut même l'ouvrir pour commencer et prendre. [Car puisqu'il n'y a pas de goudron, mais seulement des briques empilées les unes sur les autres, ce n'est pas soter ("démolir"), et il est permis de l'ouvrir ab initio. La halakha n'est pas conforme à R. Meir.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
אין מבקעין עצים מן הקורות – that are set up in the Land, in order that they do not curve, and stand for building.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
The first topic of this mishnah is chopping wood to make firewood on Yom Tov. The second topic is opening up a sealed storage room to take out produce. Both of these topics touch at least indirectly upon the subject of muktzeh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ולא מן הקורה שנשברה ביו"ט – and even though that now they exist for burning, at eventide, they don’t exist for this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
One may not chop up wood, neither from beams nor from a beam which was broken on Yom Tov. This first section is concerned with chopping wood from a beam that was not designated for use as firewood before Yom Tov began. One may not chop up a beam that was meant to be used in building because it is muktzeh before Yom Tov there was no intention to use it for fire. Even if the beam breaks on Yom Tov and is now only good for lighting fires, he can’t chop it up into firewood because when Yom Tov began it was muktzeh. Only if it was broken before Yom Tov can he chop it up.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ואין מבקעין לא בקרדום – Our Mishnah is deficient and should be read as follows, but they chop firewood from the beam that was broken on the eve of the Festival day, and when they chop it, they should not do so with an ax.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
And one may not chop with an axe or with a saw or with a sickle but only with a [butcher's] chopper. This section refers to wood that one is allowed to chop up on Yom Tov. Even though it is permitted to do so, one shouldn’t do so in a normal fashion because this looks too much like “business as usual.” One shouldn’t use the normal instruments but rather a butcher’s knife, one usually used for cutting bones and meat. This requirement will probably make people prefer to chop up their wood before Yom Tov begins chopping wood with a butcher’s knife won’t make the butcher very happy and it’s not a good idea to tick off people who own big knives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ולא במגרה – a sort of long knife filled with notches and cuts with it thick wood, for it is the utensil of an artisan.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
A [closed] room full of produce which was burst open [on Yom Tov] he may take [produce] out through the breach. Rabbi Meir says: he may make a hole at the outset and bring out [the produce]. This section refers to a storage room that has been closed off by a row of bricks that have not been cemented together. According to the first opinion, if some of the bricks should fall away he may go into the room through the opening and take out the produce and use it on Yom Tov. Since there was no cement sealing the bricks together, the produce is not considered muktzeh. However, according to this opinion, he may not himself remove the bricks because this is too close to “tearing down” a building, a prohibited labor on Shabbat and Yom Tov. Concerning this last ruling, Rabbi Meir disagrees. Since the bricks were not cemented together, he may even take them down and create a new opening on Yom Tov.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
מגל – this also is the tool of an artisan, and appears like [one] wanting to do work.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
אלא בקופיץ – a mere hatchet (i.e., curved cutting tool) is a knife of butchers and is not the utensil of an artisan. And there are among them those which have two heads, one head is wide and is called the broadside of a double tool (see Talmud Betzah 31b), and the other head is narrow and is called the thin and pointed side of a double tool, and we don’t chop with it other than where its head is narrow and is the thin and pointed side of the double tool.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ונוטל ממקום הפחת – and we don’t say that they are in consequence of a ritual prohibition, for he is not able to make a breach/hollow it out on Yom Tov and his mind is upon them, for the hut/house that is taught In our Mishnah speaks of that which is not built with plaster and lime, but is an arrangement of stones one on top of another without plaster, and not that its breach is not forbidden according to the Torah, therefore they are not forbidden for use or handling [on Shabbat and Festivals], and since we have said regarding eatables forbidden pending the separation of sacred gifts are not forbidden for use and handing and if he transgressed and repaired it, it is made legally fit by giving priestly dues.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
אף פוחת לכתחלה – for since there is no plaster there but only bricks stacked on top of the other, he does not tear them down and iit is permitted to make a breach ab initio. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
