Commentaire sur Arakhin 8:3
אָמַר אֶחָד, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְעֶשְׂרִים וְאַחַת, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים עֶשְׂרִים וְשֵׁשׁ. בְּעֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁתַּיִם, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים עֶשְׂרִים וְשֶׁבַע. בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְשָׁלשׁ, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים עֶשְׂרִים וּשְׁמֹנֶה. בְּעֶשְׂרִים וְאַרְבַּע, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים תִּשְׁעָה וְעֶשְׂרִים. בַּחֲמִשָּׁה וְעֶשְׂרִים, הַבְּעָלִים נוֹתְנִים שְׁלֹשִׁים, שֶׁאֵין מוֹסִיפִין חֹמֶשׁ עַל עִלּוּיוֹ שֶׁל זֶה. אָמַר אֶחָד, הֲרֵי הִיא שֶׁלִּי בְּעֶשְׂרִים וָשֵׁשׁ, אִם רָצוּ הַבְּעָלִים לִתֵּן שְׁלֹשִׁים וְאֶחָד וְדִינָר, הַבְּעָלִים קוֹדְמִים. וְאִם לָאו, אוֹמְרִים, הִגִּיעָתְךָ:
Si l'on dit «Je vais l'acquérir pour vingt et un selaim », alors les propriétaires doivent en donner vingt-six. [Si l'on dit] «Vingt-deux», les propriétaires doivent en donner vingt-sept. «Vingt-trois», les propriétaires doivent en donner vingt-huit. «Vingt-quatre», les propriétaires doivent en donner vingt-neuf. «Vingt-cinq», les propriétaires doivent en donner trente. Car ils n'ont pas besoin d'ajouter un cinquième à ce que l'autre enchérit. Si l'on dit: «Je vais l'acquérir pour vingt-six ans», si les propriétaires veulent donner trente et un dinars supplémentaires , le propriétaire vient en premier. Et sinon, nous disons à l'autre: "Il est devenu le vôtre."
Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אמר אחד הרי היא שלי בעשרים ואחת – after the owners stated: “for twenty.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a case where the owner of the field is slightly outbid by another. The complicating factor is that the owner has to add an extra fifth, thereby increasing the profit gained by the Temple. Sometimes, a lower bid by the owner is actually better for the Temple than a higher bid by others.
The added fifth in rabbinic law is calculated by being a fifth of the final amount. Thus an added fifth of twenty is five, because 1/5 of 25 is five. If I remember my algebra the equation for this would be: x=(y+x)/5, where x is the added fifth and y is the original bid. This is called in rabbinic terminology, an outside fifth.
This mishnah deals with a case where the owner of the field is slightly outbid by another. The complicating factor is that the owner has to add an extra fifth, thereby increasing the profit gained by the Temple. Sometimes, a lower bid by the owner is actually better for the Temple than a higher bid by others.
The added fifth in rabbinic law is calculated by being a fifth of the final amount. Thus an added fifth of twenty is five, because 1/5 of 25 is five. If I remember my algebra the equation for this would be: x=(y+x)/5, where x is the added fifth and y is the original bid. This is called in rabbinic terminology, an outside fifth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
הבעלים נותנים – against their will twenty six, that to that one, they don’t give it to him, for since the owners said, “for twenty”, and the praise rose with the added fifth to twenty-five, but if they give it to him to this one “for twenty-one,” and it is found that it is dedicated to the Temple, he loses [money]. But the owners, against their will give that Selah that this one added to the principle and their twenty five, but on the Selah that this one adds, they do not add the added fifth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
If one said I will acquire it for twenty-one selas, then the owners must pay twenty-six. [If one said] Twenty-two, the owners must pay twenty-seven. Twenty-three, the owners must pay twenty-eight. Twenty-four, the owners must pay twenty-nine. Twenty-five, the owners must pay thirty, For they need not add one fifth to what the other bids more.
In all of these cases the owner bid twenty. If the other person bid 21, then the owner's bid of 20 will end up more profitable for the Temple, because it is actually 25. He must pay 26 because we can't allow the principal that he pays to be less than that of the other bidder. So of the 26 he pays, 21 is considered principal and 5 is the extra fifth. Note that the owner is forced to pay the extra sela, even though his original bid would have caused him to pay only 25. The same is true in cases where others bid 22-25the owners add the fifth to their bid, taking them to 25, and then they add the number that by which the other's bid was greater than theirs.
The final line of this section explains that the owners dont have to pay an added fifth for the extra amount that they pay to surpass the other's bid. In other words, their principal, upon which they pay the added fifth, remains 20. This is because the other bid did not surpass their bid and the added fifth.
In all of these cases the owner bid twenty. If the other person bid 21, then the owner's bid of 20 will end up more profitable for the Temple, because it is actually 25. He must pay 26 because we can't allow the principal that he pays to be less than that of the other bidder. So of the 26 he pays, 21 is considered principal and 5 is the extra fifth. Note that the owner is forced to pay the extra sela, even though his original bid would have caused him to pay only 25. The same is true in cases where others bid 22-25the owners add the fifth to their bid, taking them to 25, and then they add the number that by which the other's bid was greater than theirs.
The final line of this section explains that the owners dont have to pay an added fifth for the extra amount that they pay to surpass the other's bid. In other words, their principal, upon which they pay the added fifth, remains 20. This is because the other bid did not surpass their bid and the added fifth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אמר אחד בחמשה ועשרים הבעלים נותנים שלשים – against their will. But in the Gemara (Tractate Arakhin 27b) an objection is raised: Why do they force the owners? It is all right that until now, we obligate them for we are not able to give to this, for their principal is not like the principal and added fifth that the owners stated in the first clause [of the Mishnah], therefore, by force, we return it to the owners, and since we return it to them, we need to give the principal the way others estimated it and their added fifth. But now that one person said: “for twenty-five,” it should be given to that one, for their principal is like the principal plus the added fifth that the owners stated in the first clause, and let the owners say: “another comes in our place that wants to give twenty-five like us.” And he responds, as for example, that in the first clause, the owners say: “one penny more on the twenty-five Sela,” that their calculation of twenty-five and an added fifth arrives at the twenty-fiv and an penny, but if we give it to this one, there is a loss to the Sanctuary. Therefore, we return it to the owners against their will. But that it is not taught [in the Mishnah’s] first clause: “the owners say for twenty and a penny,” for regarding the pennies the Tanna/teacher [of the Mishnah] was not exact and he did not consider to teach it to them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Arakhin
If one said: I will acquire it for twenty-six, if the owners want to pay thirty-one and an extra denar, the owner comes first. And if not, we say to the other: It has become yours.
In this case, the other bid was higher than the owner's bid and the added fifth taken together. In order to beat the other bid the owner will need to pay thirty-one selas and one denar. This consists of the original twenty five of their own bid (20 +5). Then they need to pay an extra six selas to add up to the twenty-six the other guy bid. For the extra sela which they were outbid they need to pay an added fifth, because in this case the extra amount bid was higher than his bid. This added fifth is one denar, because a sela is four denars. So it turns out that the owner pays 31 selas and one denar.
In this case the owner has the option to not pay the higher amount and allow the field to go to the other bidder.
In this case, the other bid was higher than the owner's bid and the added fifth taken together. In order to beat the other bid the owner will need to pay thirty-one selas and one denar. This consists of the original twenty five of their own bid (20 +5). Then they need to pay an extra six selas to add up to the twenty-six the other guy bid. For the extra sela which they were outbid they need to pay an added fifth, because in this case the extra amount bid was higher than his bid. This added fifth is one denar, because a sela is four denars. So it turns out that the owner pays 31 selas and one denar.
In this case the owner has the option to not pay the higher amount and allow the field to go to the other bidder.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אם רצו הבעלים ליתן שלשים ואחד ודינר – as for example, that from the outset when the owners opened first [in bidding], they said: ‘for twenty-one Sela,” which is between the principal and the added fifth of twenty-six Sela and a Denar, for the Sela is four Denarim and the added fifth is one-quarter of the money as we have stated, and the valuation of this are five, which is thirty-one and a Denar.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
הבעלים קודמין – for if we would give him this, he would cause a loss to the Sanctuary of a Denar from was stated by the owners in the first clause [of the Mishnah], therefore, we return them to the owners against their will.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
ואם לאו – if the owners did not open first other than with twenty and, and this one (i.e., the potential buyer) states: “twenty-five.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Arakhin
אומרים לזה הגיעתך – this is surely yours, and we don’t return it to the owners. Because the owners state: “Another came in our place that gives twenty five like us.” But it is taught in our Mishnah that the owners do not add a fifth other than if they opened first, and not on the valuation of that [other] person, these words apply where people did not make an estimation of he land like this other person stated, but if three people make an estimated it according to the words of that of, the owners add an increased fifth of valuation against their will. But all of our Mishnah does not speak other than with ancestral field when the Jubilee is no longer in force, as it is taught at the beginning of the chapter (Mishnah 1).
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