Mishná
Mishná

Talmud sobre Eduyot 1:3

הִלֵּל אוֹמֵר, מְלֹא הִין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, אֶלָּא שֶׁאָדָם חַיָּב לוֹמַר בִּלְשׁוֹן רַבּוֹ. וְשַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, תִּשְׁעָה קַבִּין. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, לֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה וְלֹא כְדִבְרֵי זֶה, אֶלָּא עַד שֶׁבָּאוּ שְׁנֵי גַרְדִּיִּים מִשַּׁעַר הָאַשְׁפּוֹת שֶׁבִּירוּשָׁלַיִם וְהֵעִידוּ מִשּׁוּם שְׁמַעְיָה וְאַבְטַלְיוֹן, שְׁלֹשֶׁת לֻגִּין מַיִם שְׁאוּבִין פּוֹסְלִין אֶת הַמִּקְוֶה, וְקִיְּמוּ חֲכָמִים אֶת דִּבְרֵיהֶם:

Hillel dice que todo un hin [doce troncos] de agua extraída invalida una mikve [si caen dentro de ella antes de que se complete su shiur (su cantidad mínima de agua no extraída). Pero después de que se haya completado, incluso si arrojó en él toda el agua extraída del mundo, no se invalida.] Uno debe usar la terminología de su maestro [es decir, "hin" no es la terminología de Mishnah sino la de la Torá. Pero esto es lo que escuchó de sus maestros, Shemayah y Avtalyon. Y el Rambam lo recibió de su padre, de memoria bendita, que Shemayah y Avtalyon, siendo convertidos justos (gerei tzedek) no podían pronunciar "hin" y dijeron "en", (como [muchas] personas hoy en día, que no pueden pronunciar aleph , cheth, heh y ayin), de modo que Hillel también dijo "adentro", como lo hicieron sus maestros, gerei tzedek, Shemayah y Avtalyon.] Shammai dice nueve kavin. Y los sabios dicen: Ni como el uno ni como el otro; pero hasta que llegaron dos tejedores de la Puerta del Estiércol en Jerusalén y testificaron en nombre de Shemayah y Avtalyon que tres troncos de agua extraída invalidan la mikve, y los sabios corroboraron sus palabras. ["La Puerta del Estiércol": Los Tanna mencionaron su ocupación y su localidad para enseñar que uno no debe mantenerse alejado de la casa de estudio. Porque no hay comercio más servil que el de un tejedor, que no es nombrado rey o sumo sacerdote. Y no hay una puerta en Jerusalén inferior a la Puerta del Estiércol, y sin embargo, superaron en su testimonio a todos los sabios de Israel.]

Jerusalem Talmud Yevamot

Rebbi Benjamin ben Gidal and Rebbi Aḥa were sitting together. Rebbi Aḥa mentioned the statement of Rebbi Yose ben Ḥanina. Rebbi Benjamin bar Gidal said to him: Or maybe: Since with respect to “in addition” which was said there43Lev. 18:18: “Do not take a woman in addition to her sister to be ‘bundle’ together, to uncover her genitals in addition [to the sister’s] in her lifetime.” Cf. also Note 51., the verse speaks about one who is not a sister-in-law, so with respect to “in addition” which was said here44Deut. 25:5., does the verse speak about one who is not a sister-in-law47Since an argument based on the invariable meaning of words in legal texts must work both ways and Lev.18:18 obviously includes the prohibition of a sister-in-law who is not a brother’s wife, R. Yose ben Ḥanina’s argument seems illogical.? Rebbi Aḥa said to him: The Torah mentions44Deut. 25:5. the brother’s wife and you say, the verse speaks about one who is not a sister-in-law! Rebbi Benjamin bar Gidal said to him: The Torah mentions43Lev. 18:18: “Do not take a woman in addition to her sister to be ‘bundle’ together, to uncover her genitals in addition [to the sister’s] in her lifetime.” Cf. also Note 51. one who is not a sister-in-law and you say a sister-in-law48The implication from Deut. to Lev. would restrict the prohibition of the sister-in-law to a brother’s widow!! Rebbi Aḥa was offended by him. Rebbi Yose said, not that Rebbi Aḥa disagreed but he insisted on the formulation he had heard from his teacher. What about it? Since “in addition” mentioned there44Deut. 25:5. is about a brother’s widow, so “in addition” here43Lev. 18:18: “Do not take a woman in addition to her sister to be ‘bundle’ together, to uncover her genitals in addition [to the sister’s] in her lifetime.” Cf. also Note 51. is even about a brother’s widow49The correct implication, parallel to the argument of R. Yose ben Ḥanina, is that Lev. 18:18 applies even to the widow of the childless brother as claimed in the Mishnah..
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