Mishná
Mishná

Talmud sobre Berajot 4:3

רַבָּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר, בְּכָל יוֹם מִתְפַּלֵּל אָדָם שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, אִם שְׁגוּרָה תְפִלָּתוֹ בְּפִיו, יִתְפַּלֵּל שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה. וְאִם לָאו, מֵעֵין שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה:

R. Gamliel dice: Uno recita dieciocho bendiciones (shemoneh esreh) todos los días. R. Yehoshua dice: ¿Qué es lo mismo que dieciocho bendiciones? [En la gemara, algunos explican que recita cada una de las bendiciones intermedias en breve y concluye con la bendición para cada una; y otros, que él dice: "Haz que, oh Dios nuestro, conozcamos tus caminos" (havineinu), que es una bendición que personifica todas las bendiciones intermedias del shemoneh esreh, y concluye: "Bendito seas tú , Oh Señor, que escucha la oración. "] R. Akiva dice: Si (shemoneh esreh) es" habitual "en su boca, [si se le" enseña "y habla con fluidez], recita shemoneh esreh ; si no, él recita lo que es similar. [Y la halajá es, según R. Akiva, que si uno no habla con fluidez, o está presionado, recita las tres primeras bendiciones y la última, y ​​"Havineinu", en el medio, Havineinu personificando todas las bendiciones intermedias (con la excepción de la temporada de lluvias, cuando no recita Havineinu, siendo necesario que recite la solicitud de lluvia en la bendición de los años; y con la excepción de la conclusión de los sábados y festivales, cuando él debe recitar havdalah en chonen hada'ath.]

Jerusalem Talmud Taanit

HALAKHAH: 194*This Halakhah and the next are repeated in Megillah 1:5 (מ). The Mishnah is Rebbi Meïr’s, since Rebbi Meïr said, “not to eulogize” one is forbidden to fast, “not to fast” one is permitted to eulogize195“To eulogize”, to eulogize a deceased person either on his funeral or on a formal occasion in his remembrance. Both are incompatible with a holiday spirit. In the Babli, the attribution to R. Meïr is affirmed in Roš Haššanah and denied in Ta`anit 18a.. “Not to” unspecified196A day mentioned in the Scroll without indication of any restriction. is as “not to fast.” Rebbi Jonah said, “these are the days not to eulogize <fast> on them, and partially not to fast <eulogize> on them.197The introductory statement to Megillat Ta`anit. All sources of Megillat Ta`anit support the version in Megillah, here given in <braces>, that days of fast are fewer than days of no eulogies.” Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel said, why does it say “on them” twice? To teach that the night is permitted but the day forbidden198No restrictions apply to the night of the day mentioned in the Scroll.. As it was stated199Megillat Ta`anit, end of Month of Adar., “therefore a person who takes it on himself has to forbid himself in prayer.” Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, that he must mention it on the preceding evening200If a person intends to fast on a day where this is prohibited by Megillat Ta`anit, he has to start in the evening and mention his fast in the prayer. Then he has to fast as a vow which is a biblical obligation which cannot be annulled by rabbinical festive days.. This comes following what Rebbi Ze`ira said in the name of Rav Huna: Similar to Friday night and Sabbath day.
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