בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדַיִם, וְאַחַר כָּךְ מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס. וּבֵית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מוֹזְגִין אֶת הַכּוֹס וְאַחַר כָּךְ נוֹטְלִין לַיָּדָיִם:
Beth Shammai dice: Primero se lavan las manos y luego se vierte la copa de vino. [Porque si dices que primero se vierte la copa de vino, quizás las gotas caigan en el exterior de la copa y se vuelvan mansas (ritualmente impuras) debido a sus manos. Para las manos, antes de lavarse, son de tumah de segundo orden (impureza), e imparten tumah de primer orden a los líquidos, que, a su vez, hacen que el exterior de la taza sea manso. Para los líquidos que se han vuelto mansos, imparta tumah a los vasos por orden rabínica. Eran indulgentes con respecto a este tumah en que si el exterior de un recipiente se volvía manso a través de líquidos impuros, ni su interior, ni sus manos, ni su borde se volvieron mansos. Y Beth Shammai sostiene que está prohibido hacer uso de una embarcación cuyo exterior es manso a pesar de que su interior no se ha vuelto manso.—un decreto no sea que las gotas broten de su interior hacia el exterior de la copa y las gotas se vuelvan mansas debido al exterior y, a su vez, impartan tumah a sus manos. Y debido a que está prohibido usar un recipiente cuyo exterior es manso, primero se lavan las manos, y luego se vierte el vino, de modo que las gotas en el exterior no se vuelvan mansas a través de las manos y hagan que el exterior de la copa sea manso y él usa la taza ilícitamente.] Y Beth Hillel dice: Primero se vierte la taza y luego se lavan las manos. [Beth Hillel sostiene que no está prohibido usar una embarcación cuyo exterior sea manso. Por lo tanto, primero vierte la taza y la bebe, y luego se lava las manos. Porque si dices que se lava primero y luego vierte la copa, puede ser que el exterior de la copa esté manso, se le permita usar un recipiente cuyo exterior esté manso, y puede ser que sus manos no estén completamente secas, de modo que el exterior de la vasija imparte tumah al agua en sus manos, y esa agua, que se ha convertido en tumah de primer orden, a su vez hace que sus manos sean mansas y coma con manos "manchadas".]
Tosefta Berakhot
Workers that were doing [work] by the owner of the house [when they have to say Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals)] they say [only] two Berachot (blessings) [instead of the four usual Berachot]. [The way they say Birkat Hamazon is as follows.] He (i.e. the worker) says the first Beracha [in the regular fashion]. [Then] he combines [the Beracha] of Jerusalem (i.e. the 3rd Beracha) with [the Beracha] of the land (i.e. the 2nd Beracha) [into one Beracha], and he seals it off with [the ending of the Beracha] of the land. If [the workers] were doing [the work] for him [and receiving] their meal [as pay, instead of money], or the owner of the house was saying the Birkat Hamazon for them [because he ate together with them, even if they were getting paid money for their work, then] they (i.e. the workers) say [all] four Berachot. [These are] the things during meals regarding which Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel argue. Bet Shammai say, “[When a person makes Kiddush on Friday night,] he says the Beracha for the day [first] and [only] after that he says the Beracha on the wine, because the day causes the wine to be brought out, and since the day already began, however the wine has not been brought out yet [until later that evening].” And Bet Hillel say, “[When a person makes Kiddush on Friday night,] he says the Beracha for the wine [first] and [only] after that he says the Beracha on the day, because it is the wine that causes the holiness of the day to be discussed. [Besides this there is] another explanation. The Beracha for the wine is common and the Beracha for the [Shabbat] day is not common.” And the law follows the words of Bet Hillel.
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Tosefta Berakhot
Bet Shammai say, “We wash hands [before the meal] first, and [only] after that we pour the cup [of wine for Kiddush, because] may be the liquid outside of the cup will become Tameh (ritually impure), because of the [Tameh] hands, and in turn it will make the cup Tameh.” And Bet Hillel say, “The outside of the cup is always Tameh, [so therefore it does not matter if the liquid on the outside of the cup will make it Tameh.] [Besides this there is] another explanation. Hands should be washed as close to the meal as possible.”
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