Si uno comió higos, uvas o granadas, hace tres bendiciones después. Estas son las palabras de R. Gamliel. [Uno hace tres bendiciones después de cualquiera de las siete variedades, R. Gamliel sostiene que "Y comerás, y serás saciado, y bendecirás" (Deuteronomio 8:10) no se refiere solo al pan, sino a todos las siete variedades mencionadas anteriormente en esa sección (Ibid. 8). Y en este versículo, se insinúan tres bendiciones: "Y tú bendecirás"—"hazan"; "por la tierra"—la bendición para la tierra; "el bueno"—"quien construye Jerusalén", a saber. (Deuteronomio 3:25): "esta hermosa montaña".] Y los sabios dicen: Una bendición, como tres [es decir, como tres bendiciones. Si comió uvas, higos, granadas, aceitunas y dátiles, bendice "por el árbol, y por el fruto del árbol, y por la tierra buena y deseable, etc.", y concluye: "por la tierra y para las frutas ". Y en Eretz Israel, concluye: "por la tierra y por sus frutos". Y él recita esta bendición para el vino, pero comienza: "para la vid y para el fruto de la vid". Y para todas las cosas hechas de los cinco tipos de grano, en lugar de "para el árbol y para el fruto del árbol", dice: "para la comida y el sustento", y concluye: "para la tierra y para la comida ".] R. Akiva dice: Incluso si comió shelek [vegetales hervidos] y esa es su comida [es decir, su alimento básico], recita tres bendiciones después, [para" Y comerás y serás saciado " se aplica a todo lo que uno come. Y la halajá está de acuerdo con los sabios, que se recitan tres bendiciones solo para el pan. Y para las siete variedades, "una bendición como tres" y sobre todas las demás cosas: "Borei nefashoth rabboth vechesronan" ("Él crea muchas criaturas y (suple) sus carencias"). "sus carencias"—como el pan y el agua, sin los cuales es imposible sobrevivir. "Y por todo lo que creó para sostener el espíritu de todos los seres vivos"—es decir, para todo en el mundo, que, incluso si no hubiera sido creado, las criaturas podrían sobrevivir sin él, y que fue creado solo para proporcionar placer y un bien adicional. Y debido a que esta bendición contiene dos elementos, es una bendición larga, que se abre y se cierra con "Baruch", como se dice en Yerushalmi, siendo el cierre: "Bendito (Baruch) eres, Oh L-rd, Vida de los mundos. "] Si uno bebe agua para calmar su sed [específicamente] dice" shehakol nihyeh bidvaro "(" Todo surgió a través de Su palabra "). [Pero si uno bebe agua para tragar algo atorado en su garganta y cosas por el estilo, no bendice.] R. Tarfon dice: "Borei nefashoth rabboth". [Él recita esto antes de beber agua. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Tarfon; pero antes de beber agua dice "shehakol" y luego "Borei nefashoth rabboth"].
Tosefta Berakhot
These are the Berachot (blessings) which are [coined to be] short: One who blesses on fruit, and on mitzvot, the Beracha (blessing) of Zimun, and the last Beracha of Shema. These are the Berachot which are [coined to be] long: the Beracha of Fast Days, and the Beracha of Rosh Hashana, and the Berachot of Yom Kippur. From [the way] a person [says] his Berachot it is recognizable if he a fool or if he is a sage.
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Tosefta Berakhot
These are the Berachot (blessings) which do not seal off with [the phrase] Baruch [Ata Hashem] (Blessed are You Hashem): One that blesses on the fruit, and on the mitzvot, Birkat Hazimun, and the last Beracha in Birkat Hamazon. Rebbi Yossi Hagelili used to seal off the last Beracha in Birkat Hamazon and [therefore] make it long.
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Tosefta Berakhot
We make a Beracha (blessing) on the better grain.2 How [does this work?] [If a person has] a whole [loaf of] fine white bread and a whole [loaf of] home-made bread, he makes the Beracha on the whole [loaf of] fine white bread. [If a person has] a slice of fine white bread and a whole [loaf of] home-made bread, he makes the Beracha on the whole loaf of home-made bread. [If a person has] wheat bread and barley bread, he makes the Beracha on the wheat bread. [If a person has] a slice of wheat bread and a whole [loaf of] barley bread, he makes the Beracha on the slice of wheat bread. [If a person has] barley bread and spelt bread, he makes the Beracha on the barley bread. But is not spelt better than barley? But rather [the reason that he makes the Beracha on the barley bread is] that barley is one of the seven species [for which the Land of Israel is blessed] and spelt is not one of the seven species [for which the Land of Israel is blessed]. This is the general rule: Anything that is from the seven species [for which the Land of Israel is blessed] and is a type of grain, Rabban Gamliel says, “he says after [eating] it Three Berachot (i.e. Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals))”, and Chachamim (Sages) say, “[he makes after eating it] Beracha One out of the Three (i.e. Al Hamichya (For the Sustenance)).”
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Tosefta Berakhot
Rebbi Yehudah says in the name of Rabban Gamliel, “Anything [made] from the seven species [for which the Land of Israel is blessed] and is not a type of grain or [it is made from] grain which has not been made into bread, Rabban Gamliel says, ‘[After eating it] he makes the Three Berachot (i.e. Birkat Hamazon (Grace After Meals))’ and the Chachamim (Sages) say, ‘[After eating it] he makes the Beracha One out of the Three (i.e. Al Hamichya (For the Sustenance) or Al Haetz (For the Tree) or Al Hagafen (For the Vine))’. And anything which is not from the seven species [for which the Land of Israel is blessed] and is not a type of grain, Rabban Gamliel says, ‘[After eating it] he makes Beracha One out of the Three’ and Chachamim say, ‘He does not make any Beracha [at all].’”
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Tosefta Berakhot
It happened [once] with Rebbi Tarfon, that he was sitting in the shade of a dovecote, on Shabbat, in the afternoon. They (i.e. the servants) brought in front of him a bucket of cold [water to drink]. Rebbi Tarfon said to his students, “[A person] who drinks water to quench his thirst, what Beracha does he say [before drinking the water]?” They said to him, “Teach us our master.” He said to them, “Borei Nefashot Vechesronan (Who Created Souls and Made Them Lack).” [Then] he said to them, “I will ask [you another question].” They said to him, “Teach us our master.” He said to them, “It says [in the Torah], ‘And they sat down to eat bread, and they lifted up their eyes, and they saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead, and their camels are carrying gum, balsam and resin, transporting them to Egypt.’ (Genesis 37:25) Is not it the way of the Arabs to [usually] carry bad smelling skins and tar? But rather [what happened was that God] placed that righteous man (i.e. Yosef) among favorable things. Is not this a Kal Vechomer (a derivation from minor to major)? Just like at the time when [God] is angry [at] the righteous [people, He still] has mercy on them, then at the time [of God’s] mercy, how much more so.”...
