Mishná
Mishná

Comentario sobre Yoma 2:3

הַפַּיִס הַשֵּׁנִי, מִי שׁוֹחֵט, מִי זוֹרֵק, וּמִי מְדַשֵּׁן מִזְבֵּחַ הַפְּנִימִי, וּמִי מְדַשֵּׁן אֶת הַמְּנוֹרָה, וּמִי מַעֲלֶה אֵבָרִים לַכֶּבֶשׁ, הָרֹאשׁ וְהָרֶגֶל, וּשְׁתֵּי הַיָּדַיִם, הָעֹקֶץ וְהָרֶגֶל, הֶחָזֶה וְהַגֵּרָה, וּשְׁתֵּי הַדְּפָנוֹת, וְהַקְּרָבַיִם, וְהַסֹּלֶת, וְהַחֲבִתִּין, וְהַיָּיִן. שְׁלשָׁה עָשָׂר כֹּהֲנִים זָכוּ בוֹ. אָמַר בֶּן עַזַּאי לִפְנֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מִשּׁוּם רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, דֶּרֶךְ הִלּוּכוֹ הָיָה קָרֵב:

La segunda lotería: ¿Quién mata [el tamid?] ¿Quién rocía? [etc. Todos estos servicios fueron asignados con una lotería. El que terminó con el recuento, como explicamos, fue premiado. Roció la sangre sobre el altar después de recibirla en el recipiente de riego (el rociador era el receptor), y el que estaba a su lado mataría (el tamid). Y aunque la matanza precede a la recepción de la sangre, aún así, porque el servicio de aspersión es mayor que el de la matanza (la matanza, en oposición a la aspersión, ser kasher con un no sacerdote, la mitzvá del sacerdocio que se obtiene al recibir) Debido a esto, el primero de la lotería fue galardonado y el que estaba a su lado, matando. El que está a su lado quita las cenizas del altar (interior); el que está a su lado quita las cenizas de la menorá, y así sucesivamente.] ¿Quién quita las cenizas del altar interior? ¿Quién quita las cenizas de la menorá? ¿Quién sube las extremidades por la rampa? La cabeza y la pierna [derecha] [con un sacerdote], las dos patas delanteras [con un segundo sacerdote], la cola y la pierna [izquierda] [con un tercer sacerdote], el pecho [la grasa del pecho mirando hacia el suelo , cortada a ambos lados, sin las cabezas de las costillas] y la gerah [el lugar donde se levanta gerah (cud), es decir, la garganta, a la que están unidas la tráquea, con el hígado y el corazón], las dos costillas, las entrañas, la harina, [el pecho y la gerah, con un cuarto; las dos costillas, con una quinta; las entrañas, con un sexto; la harina [un issaron para la libación de la comida del tamid] con un séptimo], y el chavitin [medio issaron para las ofrendas de comida del sumo sacerdote, que se ofrece todos los días con los t'midim. verbigracia. (Levítico 6:13): "... la mitad por la mañana y la otra por la noche", con un octavo], y el vino [tres registros para la libación del tamid, con un noveno]. Se otorgaron trece sacerdotes por la presente [(a través de esta lotería) los trece servicios sacerdotales enumerados aquí de acuerdo con la orden de la Mishná.] Ben Azzai dijo ante R. Akiva en nombre de R. Yehoshua: [el tamid] se sacrifica en el manera de caminar [en su vida. El primer tanna sostiene que las partes del selector se ofrecen primero, y Ben Azzai sostiene (que se ofrece) en la forma de caminar: la cabeza y el pie, el cofre y el gerah, las dos patas delanteras, las dos cajas torácicas , la cola y la pata (trasera). La halajá no está de acuerdo con Ben Azzai.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

מי שוחט – the daily offering (of mid-afternoon).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma

The second count:
who slaughters [the daily regular offering],
who sprinkles [the blood],
who removes the ashes from the inner altar,
who removes the ashes from the candlestick, 5-10) Who takes the limbs [of the offering up to the ramp],
the head and the [right] hind-leg,
the two forelegs,
the tail and the [left] hind-leg,
the breast and the throat,
the two flanks,
the innards,
the fine flour,
the cakes
and the wine. Altogether thirteen priests merited a task.
Ben Azzai said before Rabbi Akiba in the name of Rabbi Joshua: [the daily offering] was offered up in the way it walks.

In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that the priest who won the first count would remove the ashes from the large outer altar. Today we learn about the second count. There were thirteen different tasks assigned through this one count. The first task would be performed by the person whose finger the counted ended on, and the next would be assigned to the person on his right and so on.
All of these tasks are connected to the “tamid”, the daily offering.
Some of these tasks are self-explanatory, so I shall not delay upon them. I will only discuss those which are not.
Section three: “who removes the ashes from the inner altar”: this is the incense altar.
Sections five-ten: “Who takes the limbs [of the offering up to the ramp]”: we learned in Shekalim 8:8 that the priests would take the limbs up to the middle of the ramp and then before they were brought to the altar, the priests would go read the Shema. The mishnah now lists the parts of the animal. The fifth through the tenth priests all take one of these parts up to the ramp.
Section eleven: “The fine flour” is referred to in Exodus 29:9 and Numbers 28:5.
Section twelve: “The cakes”: this refers to the high priest’s minhah offering, which was offered each day, half in the morning and half at night. These cakes were cooked on a griddle with oil (Leviticus 6:13-14).
Section thirteen: “And the wine”: the thirteenth priest would bring the wine libation (Exodus 29:40 and Numbers 28:7).
Section fourteen: Ben Azzai disputes the order in which the parts of the animal were brought up the ramp and put onto the altar. He holds that the parts of the animal are sacrificed from the front of the animal to the back. The Talmud explains that the order is: 1) head and right hind-leg: 2) the breast and throat; 3) the two forelegs; 4) the flanks; 5) the tail and the left hind-leg.
In contrast, the first opinion in the mishnah holds that they are sacrificed in order of their size, with the one exception that the head comes first because of Leviticus 1:12 which lists the head first.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

מי זורק וכו' – all the acts of Divine worship are done at one arbitration/count (i.e., by counting out a certain number of raised fingers of those among whom a decision is to be made. For whomever completed through him the count, according to how we explained it, is worthy, and he casts the blood to the altar after he receives the blood in the bowl (out of which the sprinkling of the blood is done), for the person who casts the blood is the person who receives it. And nearest him is the person who slaughters, and even though the slaughtering precedes the reception of the blood, nevertheless, because the Divine service of the casting is greater than the slaughtering, for the slaughtering is valid [when done] by a foreigner (i.e., a non-Kohen), which is not the case regarding the casting and the reception [of the blood] and further which is the commandment of the Kohanim, therefore, the first one who was found worthy in the arbitration for the casting [of the blood], and the one nearest him, in the slaughtering, and the one next to the slaughterer, removes the ashes from the altar, and the one nearest to the individual who removes the ashes from the altar removes the ashes from the candelabrum/Menorah, and similarly for all of them.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

הראש והרגל – of the right side by one Kohen.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

ושתי הידים – by a second Kohen.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

העוקץ – that is the tail.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והרגל – of the left side, with the third Kohen.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

החזה – that is the fat of the of the breast which looks towards the ground, and we sever it this way and that way without the heads of the wing.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והגרה – the place where the ruminant, which is the neck, and through it are attached the windpipe, the lung with the liver and the heart. The breast and the neck is with a fourth Kohen.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

ושתי הדפנות – with a fifth Kohen.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והקרבים – with a sixth [Kohen].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והסולת – the one-tenth of an Ephah for the meal offering of his libation of the daily afternoon offering with a seventh [Kohen].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והחביתים – half of one-tenth of an Ephah for the meal offering of the High Priest which is offered with the daily afternoon offering on each day, as it states (Leviticus 6:13): “half of it in the morning and half of it in the evening,” with an eighth Kohen.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

והיין – three LOGS for the libation of the daily afternoon offering, with a ninth [Kohen].
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

י"ג כהנים זוכין בו – with this arbitration, thirteen Divine services of the Priests who are appointed for this according to the order that is written in the Mishnah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

כדרך הלוכו – during his life.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy

Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma

היה קרב – the daily afternoon offering. The first teacher holds that the best and most beautiful is offered first, but [Shimon] Ben Azzai holds that it is according to the way in which it is walked, the head and the leg, the breast and the neck, and the two forelegs, and the chest surrounding the lungs and the rib, and the rump and the hind legs. But the Halakha is not according to Ben Azzai.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Versículo anteriorCapítulo completoVersículo siguiente