Todos los días las cenizas serían removidas del altar a la llamada del gever ("gever" - "gallo" u "hombre" designado para despertar a los sacerdotes) [Él (un sacerdote) saca las cenizas, ya sea mucho o poco, con una sartén de carbón, y los deposita al este de la rampa, donde se absorben en su lugar. (Esto marcó el comienzo del servicio de la mañana)] o cerca de él [cerca de la llamada del gever], antes o después. En Iom Kipur, [quita las cenizas] de la medianoche [en consideración a la debilidad del sumo sacerdote. Debido a que todo el servicio recayó sobre él, tuvo que levantarse antes.]; y, en festivales, desde el primer reloj. [Porque había muchos judíos y muchas ofrendas y una gran cantidad de cenizas en la pila de leña, de donde tuvo que ser trasladado a un lugar en el medio del altar llamado "tapuach" ("manzana"), donde había un gran montón de la ceniza se amontonó en forma de manzana. Por lo tanto, tuvieron que levantarse antes, y se levantaron de la primera guardia, que es un tercio de la noche.] Y la llamada del gever no se escuchó [en los festivales] hasta que la azarah (la corte del Templo) se llenó de Judíos [que trajeron sus ofrendas para ser sacrificados inmediatamente después del tamid de la mañana].
Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
תורמין את המזבח – the removal of the ashes from the altar (based upon Leviticus 6:3), through which he takes the coals out with a (silver) coal-pan (see Mishnah Yoma, Chapter 4, Mishnah 4) whether there is a lot or whether there is a little on the eastern side of the ramp and it is absorbed there in its place, and it was at the beginning of the Divine Service in the morning.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
Introduction
This mishnah teaches that on Yom Kippur Temple work which was usually left for the beginning of the day was moved up and done in the night so that the day would be free to do other things.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
או סמוך לו – near the time of the cock’s crowing or from before it or from after it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
Every day they would remove [the ashes from] the altar at the cock’s crow or close to that time, either before or after. On most days they would remove the old ashes from the altar at the time when the rooster crows, which is at the time when it begins to get light outside, before sunrise. The removal of the ashes is referred to in Leviticus 6:3 and in tractate Tamid, which is in Seder Kodashim (hopefully we will learn this, but not for a few more years). I should note that in the Talmud there is a debate over the meaning of the phrase that I have translated as “the cock’s crow”. Some interpret this to mean an announcement made by a man, who said, “Priests get up for your word.” In Hebrew the word for “cock” and the word for “man” is the same. I will not comment on this.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
ביוה"כ – he removes them from midnight, because of the weakness of the High Priest, since everything is upon him alone, he needs to wise earlier.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
But on Yom HaKippurim from midnight, and on the festivals at the [end of the] first watch; However, on Yom Kippur they began to clean out the old ashes at midnight, hours before it got light outside. The Talmud explains that this was because the high priest himself would clean out the ashes and they wanted to give him some time between this work and the rest of the day’s work. Others explain that they did the cleaning of the ashes early so that they wouldn’t have to delay beginning the real work of the day which would come later. On festivals they cleaned out the ashes even earlier, at the end of the first watch, which means one-third into the night. On festivals there are a lot of sacrifices and therefore there a lot of ashes, so that had to start cleaning out early.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
וברגלים – since there are many Israelites and many sacrifices and a lot of ashes in the place of the pile of wood on the altar in the Temple, and he must take up the ashes from the place of the pile of wood to a place that is in the middle of the altar, which is called תפוח/TAPUACH, for there is a large of pile of the ashes and the community which is directed like an apple, it was necessary to arise earlier and they would rise from the first watch which is one-third of the night (i.e. 10 pm, assuming that the sun sets at 6 pm and rises at 6 pm).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yoma
And the cock’s crow would not arrive before the Temple court was full of Israelites. Finally, on Yom Kippur and on festivals the Temple’s courtyard would be full of Israelites already by the time the cock crowed, meaning before sunrise. People were so enthusiastic for the day’s service that they would get there even before the sunrise.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
ולא היתה קריאת הגבר מגעת – on the Festivals.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yoma
עד שהיתה עזרה מלאה מישראל – who bring their sacrifices to offer them immediately after the morning daily-offering.
