Comentario sobre Tohorot 9:9
נִמְצָא עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, וְהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, טָמֵא. פְּרוּדִים עַל גַּבֵּי פְרוּדִים, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא נוֹגֵעַ בְּכַבֵּיצָה, אֵין טָמֵא אֶלָּא מְקוֹם מַגָּעוֹ. נִמְצָא בֵין כֹּתֶל לַזֵּיתִים, טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַגַּג, הַמַּעֲטָן טָהוֹר. נִמְצָא בַמַּעֲטָן, הַגַּג טָמֵא. נִמְצָא שָׂרוּף עַל הַזֵּיתִים, וְכֵן מַטְלִית מְהוּהָא, טְהוֹרָה, שֶׁכָּל הַטֻּמְאוֹת כִּשְׁעַת מְצִיאָתָן:
Si se encontró [la alimaña] en esos [racimos de aceitunas] que se separaron [del montón principal y se colocaron sobre él], si está tocando [un racimo] el equivalente de un huevo [en volumen], es impuro. Si esos [racimos] que estaban separados fueron [colocados] sobre otros que estaban separados [y no sobre la pila principal], a pesar de que [las alimañas] están tocando el equivalente de un huevo [en volumen], solo el área es tocar es impuro. Si se encontró entre la pared y las aceitunas, [la pila] es pura. Si se encontró en el techo, el [contenido del] tanque es puro. Si se encontró en el tanque, el [contenido del] techo es impuro. Si se encontró quemado en la parte superior de las aceitunas y, de manera similar, un trozo de tela [impuro] que estaba desgastado, [si se encontró en la parte superior de las aceitunas,] es puro, porque todas las impurezas están [determinadas] de acuerdo con [su estado en] en el momento en que se encuentran.
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
נמצא על גבי פרודים (if [the insect] was found on top of the broken olives) = after he inserted a peg in the cluster/mass of olives to separate the cluster to several separate parts, and in each clod of earth from these parts from the cluster, there are olives that are attached.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
Introduction
Today's mishnah is a continuation of yesterday's mishnah concerning the sheretz found among the olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
והוא נוגע בכביצה (and it touches an egg’s bulk) – that if he came to combine the olives that the creeping insect touches that have an egg’s bulk.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If it was found on broken off pieces but it touched as much as an egg's bulk, [the entire mass] becomes unclean. In this case the sheretz is found on broken off pieces of olives that are resting on top of the olive mass. If these pieces are as much as the bulk of an egg, then they join the mass and all of the olives are impure. However, if they are smaller than the size of an egg, which means they themselves can't defile other things, then they are not considered part of the mass.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
טמא – all of the clod of earth [is impure] even though the clod of earth is attached from when inserted the peg in the mass/cluster to separate them, nevertheless, since there is in this clod of earth impure olives like the appropriate measure to defile others, which is like an egg’s bulk, it becomes attached to defile all the rest of the olives in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If it was found on broken off pieces that lay upon other broken off pieces, even though it touched as much as an egg's bulk, only the place it touched becomes unclean. In this case, the sheretz is found on top of pieces of olives that are themselves on tops of other pieces of olives. The mass that is underneath does not join them all together, even if they are the size of an olive. The only part that is impure is the part that touches the sheretz, for this is always impure, no matter how small it is.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
פירודים על גבי פירודים (broken-off blocks on top of other broken-off blocks) – there are clods of earth on top of clods of earth that the creeping inspect is on the uppermost clod.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If it was found between the wall and the olives, they remain clean. In this case we find the sheretz next to the wall, not touching the olives. We don't suspect that the sheretz touched the olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
אע"פ שהשרץ נוגע בכביצה – of that clod of earth.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If it was found [on olives that were lying] on the roof, [the olives in] the vat remain clean. There were some olives in the vat and then a person took some up to the roof to dry out. A sheretz is found among the olives on the roof. The olives in the vat remain pure, for we do not suspect that the sheretz was brought up to the roof with the olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
אין טמא אלא מקום מגעו – of the creeping insect [only what it touched through contact is impure], that is to say, that clod of earth that the creeping insect touched, but the rest of the clods of earth are ritually pure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If it was found in the vat, [the olives on] the roof are [also] regarded as unclean. In contrast, if it is found in the vat, we do suspect that it defiled the olives that were later taken up to the roof. Therefore, they too are impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
נמצא – the creeping insect [is found]
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
If it was found burnt upon the olives, and so also in the case of a rag that was completely worn out, [the olives remain] clean, because all cases of uncleanness are determined in accordance with their appearance at the time they are found. As we learned in 3:5, when it comes to matters of purity, we judge according to the way in which things are found. A burnt sheretz or a completely worn out rag no longer defiles. If either of these is found on the olives, the olives are pure. We don't suspect that they were there before they were burned or became worn out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
בין כותל לזיתים טהור - and we are not concerned that perhaps it (i.e., the creeping insect) was on the olives.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
נמצא בגג – that one brings up olives from the vat to the roof and the creeping insect is found afterwards in the olives that are on the roof.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
המעטן טהור – meaning to say that the olives that are in the vat are ritually pure, and we don’t say with the olives that were brought and were in the vat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
נמצא במעטן – olives that he brought up on the roof, are ritually impure, for before he brought the the olives to the roof the creeping insect was in the vat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
נמצא שרוף (if it found burned – and clean on the olives) – but a burnt creeping insect does not defile, as it is written (Leviticus 11:31): “whoever touches them when they are dead [shall be impure until evening],” similar to their being dead. And when it is found burnt on top of ritually pure olives, we are not concerned that perhaps it touched them before it was burned.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
מהוהא (tattered, scorched) – a cloth that was burned by fire and became like a kind of קורי עכבים/an impeding beam, and it no longer is susceptible to receive ritual defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
טהורה – and we don’t say that perhaps it was ritually impure from the outset before it was singed/burnt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
בשעת מציאתן – whether or leniency or whether for stringency (see Tractate Taharot, Chapter 3, Mishnah 5 where this principle is enunciated – at the time when they are found).
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