Estos deben ser removidos ["del mundo"] en Pesaj [Porque aunque uno no transgrede bal yeraeh debido a ellos, los rabinos ordenaron que fueran removidos. Como se indica a continuación (3: 5): "Siur (masa parcialmente fermentada) debe quemarse, aunque quien lo come no es responsable"], kutach habavli [hecho de pan con moho y leche, en el que se sumergen los alimentos] , shechar hamadi [cerveza que harían en Madai de trigo o cebada empapada en agua], chometz ha'adomi [vinagre hecho en Edom, de cebada colocada en vino y dejada allí hasta que fermentara], zitom hamitzri [un tercio de cebada , un tercio de azafrán silvestre, un tercio de sal, hecho con fines curativos. Hasta este punto (se han enumerado) variedades de jametz que son aptas para comer en ta'aroveth (mezcla). A partir de este momento, jametz endurecido en sí mismo], el zoma de tintoreros [agua en la que se coloca la harina de salvado y que los tintoreros usan en su trabajo], la cantidad de cocineros [un pan hecho de harina de grano menos de uno -trece madurado, utilizado para cubrir macetas para absorber los vapores], y el kolan de los escribas [molino molido amasado con agua y utilizado por los escribas para pegar sus papeles]. R. Eliezer dice: También los adornos de las mujeres (tachshitei nashim). [R. Eliezer está agregando (a las categorías). Para la primera tanna solo se enumera el jametz de grano absoluto mezclado o el jametz endurecido en sí mismo. Y R. Eliezer agrega incluso tachshitei nashim, que es jametz endurecido en mezcla con otros ingredientes. La gemara pregunta: "Tachshitei nashim"? (es decir, ¿qué tienen que ver los adornos con jametz? Y responde :) "Diga, más bien: 'tifulei nashim'", la comida que las mujeres aplican (tofloth) a su piel con otras hierbas para eliminar el vello o para blanquear y alisar la piel. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Eliezer.] Esta es la regla: lo que sea de una variedad de grano debe eliminarse en Pesaj, [si es una de las cinco variedades mezcladas con agua. Porque si no hay agua, sino solo jugo de fruta, la regla es que el jugo de fruta no produce jametz.], Se incluyen en la exhortación [es decir, si uno los comete, transgrede un mandamiento negativo], y no están sujetos. a kareth [Porque solo el jametz completo está sujeto a kareth y no a una mezcla. Pero recibe rayas si come un jametz del tamaño de una aceituna en una mezcla en la cantidad de tiempo que lleva comer una p'ras (media barra de pan) y si no lo hace, no recibe rayas según la ley de la Torá. Sin embargo, se obtiene una prohibición, cualquier cantidad de una mezcla de jametz en Pesaj está prohibida.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אלו עוברין – these are removed from the world, for even though these do not violate on (Exodus 13:7): “no leaven shall be found (literally – “seen”) [in all your territory,, from the Rabbis however, it requires removal. And that which is taught further on (see Mishnah 5) that “dough beginning to ferment is to be burned,” and even though “that the one who eats it is exempt.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah provides two lists: one of food items which have small amounts of chametz mixed into them, and the other a list of non-food items which are made from dough. It is forbidden to eat or to possess any of the things on this list. However, one who does so is not subject to the full punishment of “karet” (extirpation), the punishment given for eating plain, non-mixed and edible chametz on Pesah (see Exodus 12:15). The reason that the punishment is less is that these are either not fully chametz but rather mixtures, or if they are fully chametz they are not generally edible or considered to be food.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
Babylonian kutah - it's made from moldy bread and milk. They would dip foods into it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
These must be removed on Pesah: Babylonian kutah, Medean beer, Idumean vinegar, Egyptian zitom, Babylonian kutah is a mixture of curds, crumbs and salt. Medean beer (the word in Hebrew for beer just means a strong drink) has barley in it, as does Idumean vinegar and Egyptian zitom (another strong drink). All of these things are foods which must be removed from one’s possession before Pesach because they contain in them grains which have turned into chametz. It is curious to me that the mishnah lists only foreign products. Indeed, these are four of the empires that ruled over Israel: Babylonia, Medea (Persia), Edom (Rome) and Egypt. However, Greece usually appears in this list and Egypt does not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שכר המדי – liquor that they would make in Media from wheat or barley steeped in water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
The dyer’s pulp, cook’s dough, and the scribes’ paste. Dyer’s broth has bran in it, probably as a thickener. Cook’s dough is dough that is used to soak up the extra, dirty liquid from cooking pots. Scribe’s paste was used to glue parts of parchments together. None of these three things is intended to be used as food and indeed they all probably taste terrible. Nevertheless, since they all do have chametz in them they must be removed before Pesach.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וחומץ האדומי – vinegar that is made in the land of Edom, where they put barley [in wine] and let them stand until they ferment.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabbi Eliezer says: women’s ornaments too. Rabbi Eliezer adds women’s ornaments, which are made with mixtures of chametz. The Talmud understands this as referring to various salves and not to jewelry.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וזיתום המצרי – one-third barley and one third (of the mixture) of safflower which is the desert saffron and it is called in Arabic “Kartom” and one third salt and it is made for medicinal purposes. Until here, it is leaven that is fit for eating via a mixture. From here and onwards it is a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition unfit for food (Pesahim 43a).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
This is the general rule: whatever is of a species of grain must be removed on Pesah. These are subject to a warning but they do not involve karet. The mishnah now provides two general rules, rules which I explained in my introduction. The first is that anything that has in it grain, even if that grain is only in a mixture with other non-grain items, must be removed from one’s possession on Pesah. The second one is that one is not liable for karet for eating or possessing things that are not fully chametz i.e. foods which are not in a mixture with other things. However, they are still prohibited.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וזומן של צבעים – water which one puts into it bran-flour/four of the the second course. And we use the dye for their work.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ועמילן של טבחים – [bread] which we make from flour of grain that did not bring up one-third of its ripening process , and with it we cover the pot to absorb the evil smell.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וקולן של סופרים – the dust of the millstone which we knead with water and the scribes glue their papers to it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
רבי אליעזר – adds, for the first Tanna whereas does not have this other than completely grain leavened products via a mixture or a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition [which is unfit for food]. But Rabbi Eliezer adds even women’s makeup which is a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition [which is unfit for food] via a mixture of ingredients of frankincense (or artist’s materials). And in the Gemara (Pesahim 43a), Do you think that women’s makeup [only]? But rather, I would say, even women’s plaster, sifted fine flour that women attach and combine on their skin with other artist’s materials/frankincense to remove the hair or to whiten it and to make the skin finer. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
כל שהוא מן דגן – from the five species [of grain], and they have water mixed in, for if there is not water in them but only fruit juice, we hold that fruit juices do not ferment.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
הרי אל באזהרה – if he at them, he violates a negative commandment.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ואין בהם כרת – for on complete leaven he is punished by extirpation, fur he is not punished with extirpation on a mixture. But he is flogged on eating it if he ate an olive’s bulk of leaven in the mixture in order to eat within a certain time a piece of wheat bread (see Mishnah Negaim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 9 – roughly equivalent to a half-a-loaf -see Tosefta Negaim Chapter 7, Halakha 10). But if he at an olive’s worth of leaven without a mixture in the time that it takes to eat piece of wheat bread is not flogged according to the Torah. However, at least, there is a prohibition for Hametz on Passover is forbidden in a mixture in any amount.
