Comentario sobre Oholot 13:3
הַחוֹר שֶׁבַּדֶּלֶת, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא אֶגְרוֹף, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא. רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן אוֹמֵר, בְּפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח. שִׁיֵּר בָּהּ הֶחָרָשׁ מִלְּמַטָּן אוֹ מִלְמַעְלָן, הֱגִיפָהּ וְלֹא מֵרְקָהּ, אוֹ שֶׁפְּתָחַתּוּ הָרוּחַ, שִׁעוּרוֹ מְלֹא אֶגְרוֹף:
Un agujero en una puerta, su tamaño es un puñado, dice el rabino Akiva. El rabino Tarfon dice que es un espacio de mano. Si el carpintero lo dejó en la parte inferior o en la parte superior, o si lo cerró pero no lo terminó o si el viento lo abrió, su tamaño es un puñado.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
החור שבדלת – in the middle of the door, that it is not made for the air.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Introduction
Today's mishnah deals with how large an opening in a door must be to allow in and out impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
שייר בו החרש – the artisan who prepared/fixed the door.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
[With regard to] a hole in the door: Its minimum size is that of a fist, the words of Rabbi Akiva. Rabbi Tarfon says: one handbreadth square. Rabbi Akiva holds that since these holes in the door were not made intentionally, they should be compared with the naturally forming holes referred to in mishnah one. For impurity to travel through such a hole, it must be the size of a fist. Rabbi Tarfon says that it needs only be a handbreadth square (slightly smaller than a fist) for these holes are meant for human use (see mishnah one).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מלמטן – as for example that he left [a hole] near the threshold.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If the carpenter had left a space at the bottom or the top [of the door] or if one had shut [the door] but not closed it tightly, or if the wind blew it open, the minimum size is that of a fist. There are three spaces in a door referred to here: 1) the carpenter didn't make the door as large as it was supposed to be; 2) the door wasn't tightly closed; 3) the wind blew the door slightly open. All of these are openings that were probably not intentionally formed, nor are they holes that are used by human. Therefore, the measure to allow through impurity is that of a fist, which is larger than a handbreadth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
או מלמעלן – near the lintel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
הגיפה (he filled the hole out but not entirely)– he closed it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ולא מירקה – but didn’t complete it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
או שפתחונו הרוח – meaning to say, or that he competed the closure but the wind came and opened it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
שיעורו מלוא אגרוף – for since it opened on its own, it is like the running water or reptiles. But in this concluding clause [of the Mishnah], Rabbi Tarfon does not disagree because the hole that is in the middle the carpenter made with intention, but not because he needs the hole but rather the boards were short and a door was made from them and he had the intention to place a hole/incision in the middle more than to place it below or above. And it is similar to someone who makes with intention, but when he placed it from below or from above, this is not like doing it with one’s hands, but rather because the boards are short, and the hole wasn’t filled.
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