Comentario sobre Oholot 1:5
אָדָם וּבְגָדִים מִטַּמְּאִים בְּזָב. חֹמֶר בָּאָדָם מִבַּבְּגָדִים, וּבַבְּגָדִים מִבָּאָדָם. שֶׁהָאָדָם הַנּוֹגֵעַ בְּזָב מְטַמֵּא בְגָדִים, וְאֵין בְּגָדִים הַנּוֹגְעִין בְּזָב מְטַמְּאִין בְּגָדִים. חֹמֶר בַּבְּגָדִים, שֶׁהַבְּגָדִים הַנּוֹשְׂאִין אֶת הַזָּב מְטַמְּאִין אָדָם, וְאֵין אָדָם הַנּוֹשֵׂא אֶת הַזָּב מְטַמֵּא אָדָם:
Una persona y prendas de vestir se vuelven impuras por un Zav [un hombre que tiene ciertos tipos de descargas genitales atípicas, que lo hacen impuro]. [Hay una manera en que] una persona es más estricta que las prendas de vestir, y [en la cual] las prendas son más [estrictas] que una persona, en la que una persona que toca un Zav [a su vez] hace que las prendas sean impuras, pero la ropa que tocan un Zav no impiden otras prendas. La ropa es más estricta, ya que la ropa que lleva un Zav hace impura a una persona, pero una persona que lleva un Zav no hace impura a otra persona.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מטמא בגדים – all of this that is not explained [in the Mishnah] as it is written (Leviticus 15:7): “Whoever touches he the body of the one with the discharge shall wash his clothes, [bathe in water, and remain impure until evening],” so we see that he defiles [his] clothing at the time of his contact with the one with the discharge/the person who has gonorrhea.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Introduction
Our mishnah is similar to yesterday's mishnah in that it compares the stringency relating to an impure person with the stringency relating to vessels, in this case clothing. The topic of our mishnah is not the impurity caused by a dead body, but rather the impurity caused by a zav, a person who has had an abnormal genital emission.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ואין הבגדים הנוגעים בזב מטמאין בגדים – because the person with the discharge/gonorrhea is a primary source of Levitical uncleanness/אב הטומאה, and the clothes that touch it become first [degree of ritual uncleanness]. But they do not defile other clothing, for a person and vessels do not become susceptible to receiving defilement other than from a primary source of ritual impurity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Persons and garments can be defiled by a zav. Both human beings and clothing are defiled by contact with a zav, although as we shall see, there are cases in which the law is stricter with regard to the human and other cases in which the law is stricter with regard to the clothing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והבגדים הנושאין את הזב מטמאין אדם – as for example, lying and sitting of a person with a discharge/gonorrhea which defile a person because they become a primary source of ritual impurity like the person with a discharge/gonorrhea himself As it is written (Leviticus 15:10): “Whoever touches anything that was under him shall be impure until evening.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
A greater stringency applies to persons than to garments and a greater stringency applies to garments than to persons. This is the customary introduction to the next section.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ואין אדם הנושא את הזב מטמא את האדם – and even at the time that he carries him prior to his separating. For he is aught other than first degree of ritual impurity and a nothing that is first [degree of ritual impurity] can defile a person.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
For a person who touches a zav can defile garments, whereas garments that touch a zav cannot defile [other] garments. A person who has been in contact with a zav defiles clothing. This is explicit in Leviticus 15:7. However, clothing that come into contact with a zav has first degree impurity. This impure clothing will not subsequently convey impurity to other clothing, for clothing is susceptible to impurity only through contact with a father of impurity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
A greater stringency applies to garments, for garments which form the support of a zav can defile persons, whereas a person who forms the support of a zav cannot defile [other] persons. Something upon which a zav lays or reclines or sits is impure, even if the zav doesn't touch it (see Leviticus 15:5). This includes clothing. This clothing will subsequently defile other people. However, if a zav lays or reclines on a person (without touching that person) that person does not defile other people. We will learn more about this topic in general when we learn Tractate Zavim (yes, there is a whole tractate devoted to this subject!).
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