Los socios que se han beneficiado unos de otros tienen prohibido entrar al patio. R. Eliezer b. Yaakov dice: Este entra en el suyo y el otro en el suyo. [Socios, cada uno de los cuales tiene una casa en un patio, y ambos son socios en el tribunal antes de las casas, donde hay una ley de división en el patio, es decir, cuando para cada casa hay cuatro codos en el patio de enfrente de la casa y quedan en el patio cuatro codos adicionales por cada uno—en tal caso, todos están de acuerdo en que a ambos se les prohíbe entrar al patio hasta que lo dividen, obteniendo la ley de división. R. Eliezer y los rabinos solo difieren con respecto a un patio donde la ley de división no se obtiene, los rabinos sostienen que cada uno entra en la propiedad de su vecino, y R. Eliezer b. Yaakov sostiene que hay breirah (identificación retroactiva), y cada uno entra en el suyo.] Y a ambos se les prohíbe colocar un molino y un horno allí o criar pollos allí. [R. Eliezer b. Yaakov reconoce en todos estos casos que los socios pueden detenerse mutuamente, no es posible permitir esto por razones de breirah. Porque dado que es posible que lo detenga y no lo hace, se descubre que lo beneficia.] Si uno de ellos hubiera obtenido el beneficio de su vecino, no puede entrar al patio. R. Eliezer b. Yaakov dice: Él puede decirle: "Estoy entrando en lo que es mío, y no estoy entrando en lo que es tuyo". Y el bevower se ve obligado a vender su porción. [Porque tememos que ya que ve a su vecino entrar, él podría olvidar y, de la misma manera, entrar. Pero cuando ambos están prohibidos, esto no es de temer. Y es solo cuando uno se comprometió a sí mismo a no beneficiarse de su vecino que lo obligamos a vender su porción. Pero si su vecino le prometió que no se beneficiaría de él, él es anuss ("forzado"), y no está obligado a vender, ¿qué podría hacer? Si esto fuera permitido, ¡cada socio le pediría al otro que no se beneficiara de él para obligarlo a venderle su porción!]
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
השותפין – that each one of them a house in the courtyard, and the courtyard that is in front of the houses, both of them are partners in it But at the time when the courtyard has the law of division/partition, and as such there will be four cubits in the courtyard to each and every house in front of the house, and there will remain from the courtyard another four cubits to this one (i.e., person) and four cubits to that one (i.e., person), in this everyone admits that both of them are forbidden to enter into the courtyard until they divide it, for since the law of division/partition is there. But Rabbi Eliezer and the Rabbis do not disagree other than regarding a courtyard that does not have the law of division, as the Rabbis state that each of them enters through his fellow’s [property], but Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov holds that there is a retrospective designation (i.e., the legal effect resulting from an action selection or designation or disposal of things previously undefined for their purpose/ברירה) and this one goes to his and that one goes to his.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
In the time of the Mishnah, people’s homes opened into jointly possessed courtyards. The custom was to use the courtyard for various purposes, including cooking, grinding wheat and raising chickens. However, each resident could prevent the others from using the courtyard for such purposes.
Our mishnah discusses a situation in which either both or one of the owners of the courtyard has taken a vow not to benefit from the other. The question is, can they still use the courtyard?
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ושניהם אסורים להעמיד שם רחים וכו' – But Rabbi Eliezer ben Yaakov admits in all of these that the partners prevent each other, for it does not belong to permit for the reason of the retrospective designation, for since it is within his hand/power to prevent him, and if he doesn’t prevent him,it is found that he provides him benefit.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
If joint owners [of a courtyard] made a vow not to benefit from one another, they may not enter the courtyard. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: This one enters his own property and this one enters his own property. If both owners of the courtyard vowed not to benefit from the other, according to the first opinion neither may enter the courtyard at all. As we learned above (4:1), one who is not allowed by vow to benefit from another, may not walk on his property. Since the property is jointly owned, each one would be entering the other’s property. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob holds that since in general both people can enter the courtyard, neither is really entering someone else’s property. At each point where he stands he could claim that this part is his. Therefore, both can enter the courtyard.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
ופופין את הנודר למכור את חלקו – for we are concerned that after he sees his fellow entering, he will forget and will also enter. But when both are prohibited [from entering] we don’t concern ourselves, and specifically when he took a vow on his own not to enjoy benefit from his fellow is when we force him to sell his portion but if his fellow made him take a vow that he will not benefit from him, he is the victim of an unavoidable accident, and we don’t force him to see for what can he possibly do? But if you stated such, each partner should make his friend take a vow that he will not benefit from him in order that we can force him to sell his portion.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
And both are forbidden to set up a mill-stone or an oven or raise chickens. Neither may use the courtyard for any of its normal uses. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob would agree with this, since putting any of these things in the courtyard requires the neighbor’s permission, and in this case, permission cannot be granted.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
If [only] one was forbidden by vow to benefit from the other, he may not enter the court. Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob says: He can say to the other, “I am entering into my own, and I am not entering into yours.’ If only one owner is prohibited by vow from benefiting from the other, he may not enter the courtyard. Again, Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob holds that this is permitted.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
They force the one who vowed to sell his share [of the courtyard]. In such a case, the one who vowed must sell his share of the courtyard, lest he come to use the courtyard, which even Rabbi Eliezer ben Jacob prohibits. However, this is only true if he himself swore not to benefit from his neighbor. If his neighbor swore that he should not benefit from him, he is not forced to sell his share of the courtyard.
