Si alguien se beneficia de su vecino y entra a visitarlo, puede ponerse de pie, pero no sentarse. [Nuestra Mishná habla de que la propiedad del visitante está prohibida para el enfermo, en un lugar donde se le paga por sentarse con una persona enferma, de modo que si se sienta con él y no acepta el pago habitual, lo beneficia. Pero estar de pie es solo por un corto tiempo y no es costumbre pagar por ello.] Y él puede sanarlo, la curación del alma [es decir, su cuerpo], pero no la curación de la propiedad [la curación de su bestia. Porque uno está obligado a curar a su amigo si se enferma, a saber. (Deuteronomio 22: 2): "Y se lo devolverás a él"—para incluir la restauración corporal (es decir, la curación), y por eso hace una mitzvá. Por lo tanto, a pesar de que se comprometió a beneficiarse de él, puede curarlo con sus manos (es decir, directamente) cuando él mismo se enferma. Pero si su bestia está enferma, no puede curarla con sus manos porque lo beneficia de ese modo. Sin embargo, puede decirle: este medicamento es bueno para ello; este medicamento es malo para él.] Y puede bañarse con él en una bañera grande, pero no en una pequeña. [Porque lo beneficia al "levantar" el agua sobre él.] Y puede dormir con él en una cama. R. Yehudah dice: En verano, pero no en invierno [porque lo calienta. La halajá está de acuerdo con R. Yehudah.] Y él puede sentarse con él en una cama, y puede comer con él en una mesa, pero no del tamchui. [No puede comer con él de un plato, para que no deje de comer una "buena porción" de él, de modo que el otro, que se benefició de él, lo coma; o no sea que mueva una pieza cerca de él para que se la coma, beneficiándolo así.] Pero puede comer de un tamchui que regresa [al dueño. Reuven puede comer de un plato que sabe que será enviado de vuelta a Shimon, quien se benefició de él, después de que regrese al propietario. Y no nos preocupa que pueda dejar algo en el plato para que lo coma Shimon, lo que lo beneficia así.] No puede comer con él del evus (colocado) ante los trabajadores, [un gran recipiente que llenarían de comida y de la cual los trabajadores comerían juntos], y él no puede trabajar con él juntos en la cama fronteriza. Estas son las palabras de R. Meir. [No puede cosechar con él en la misma fila que está cosechando, ya que lo ayuda a terminar su trabajo rápidamente al proporcionar espacios abiertos delante de él, lo que lo beneficia. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Meir.] Los sabios dicen: Él puede trabajar a cierta distancia de él.
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
עומד אבל לא יושב – our Mishnah deals with when those who visit [the sick] enter who are forbidden [by vow] to the sick. But in a place where they take payment on sitting with the infirm person, for if he sits with him and doesn’t take his customary payment, he causes him benefit. But standing, it is a short time and it is not customary to take payment for this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
The mishnah deals with several types of benefit that Shimon must refrain from giving Reuven who has sworn (or been sworn by Shimon) not to receive benefit from him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
רפואת הנפש – the healing of his body.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
If one is forbidden to benefit from his neighbor, and he pays him a visit [in sickness] he must stand, but not sit. Shimon may visit Reuven when he is sick, because that is a mitzvah. However, he shouldn’t sit with him for a long time, because that would be causing benefit to Reuven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
רפואת ממונן – the healing of his cattle/beast. For it is obligatory for a person to heal his fellow when he takes ill, as it states (Deuteronomy 22:2): “then you shall give it back to him,” to include he loss of his body, and he is doing a Mitzvah, therefore, even though he made a vow not to allow him to derive any benefit from him, he heals him with his hands when he becomes sick in his body. But if his beast/cattle became ill, he is not able to heal it with his hands because he provides benefit, but says to him: “this drug/medication is fine for it (i.e., the animal), [or] that drug/medication is bad/harmful for it (i.e., the animal).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He may afford him a cure of life, but not a cure of money. The Talmud explains that Shimon may help cure Reuven for that is a commandment. However, he may not cure Reuven’s animal for that is a monetary benefit.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אבל לא בקטנה – because he provides benefit t him when he raises the water over him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He may bathe together with him in a large bath, but not in a small one. If Shimon gets into a small bath with Reuven, he will raise the level of the bath water, and thereby benefit Reuven. Therefore he may not do so. However, he may get into a large bath with him where the water level will barely be raised.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אבל לא בימות הגשמים – because he warms it (i.e., through his body) And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He may sleep in a bed with him. Rabbi Judah said: in summer, but not in winter, because he thereby benefits him. He may [nevertheless] recline with him on a couch. He may sleep in bed with him, even though he warms up the bed. Rabbi Judah restricts this to the summer months, when it is warm anyway. However, even Rabbi Judah agrees that he may recline with him on the same couch, and we are not concerned lest he fall asleep.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אבל לא מן המחוי – he doesn’t eat with him in one utensil, lest he leave over from eating a nice portion that is within in order that this one who took a vow against deriving benefit from him will eat, or lest a piece that he eat draws close in front of him and it is found that he benefitting him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
[He may] eat at the same table with him but not out of the same bowl; but he may eat with him out of a bowl which returns. He may not eat with him out of the food trough put before laborers. Reuven may eat at the same table as Shimon, and we are not concerned lest Reuven eats from Shimon’s plate and thereby derives benefit. However, they may not eat out of the same communal bowl, lest Shimon intentionally leave the best part of the food for Reuven, and thereby cause him benefit. If the communal bowl was a “returning bowl” meaning one that was full of food, such that each person eating could eat his fill and still have leftovers, then they may share. In such a case, there is no concern that Shimon will leave food for Reuven because there is enough for everyone. They may not eat out of the same bowl put before laborers, because laborers are always hungry and there are never leftovers. Therefore, Shimon might eat less so that Reuven could eat more.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אבל אוכל הוא מן התמחוי החוזר – the owner of the house. Reuven eats in a bowl that he knows that when he will return it to the owner of the house, the house owner will go back and send it to Shimon who is under a vow against benefit from him, and we don’t suspect lest he (i.e., the owner of the house) in order that Shimon will eat from it and it is found that he is benefitting him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
He may not work with him on the same furrow, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the Sages say: he may work at a distance from him. According to Rabbi Meir they may not work plowing the same furrow, since if Shimon works harder he will benefit Reuven by allowing him to work less. The Sages allow them to work in the same furrow, as long as they keep their distance.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
האבוס שלפני הפועלים – a large utensil that we fill it and all of the workers will eat from it together.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
לא יקצור עמו באומן – he should not trim with in in the same row that he trims. For this causes him that he will hurry to do his work that when he finds the place free, and it is found tha the benefits him. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
