Y los caminos conducían de uno a otro, [es decir, hacían caminos que conducían a las ciudades de refugio, para que el asesino no se desviara por el camino. Y se colocaron carteles de "Refugio" en la encrucijada para que el asesino los viera y siguiera], a saber. (Deuteronomio 19: 3): "Prepárate para ti mismo y divide en tercios, etc." Y se les proporcionaron dos eruditos de la Torá, para que no fueran asesinados en el camino; y ellos le hablarían. [Hablarían con el redentor de sangre, a saber: "No seas un derramador de sangre; él hizo esto sin darse cuenta". R. Meir dice: También podría hablar por sí mismo, a saber. (Ibid. 4): "Y esta es la 'palabra' del asesino [es decir, no era necesario proporcionarle eruditos de la Torá para hablar con el redentor de la sangre en su nombre, pero podía hacerlo él mismo. La halajá no está de acuerdo con R. Meir.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
ומכוונות היו להם הדרכים – they would make the roads so that they would be in a line to the Cities of Refuge so that the murderer would not err on the way (see Talmud Makkot 9b – in which the cities in the Land of Israel and on the opposite side of the Jordan wer in straight parallel lines like two rows in a vineyard). And [the words] "מקלט מקלט" /”Asylum/Refuge”, “Asylum/Refuge” were written at the crossroads, in order that the murder would recognize it and turn to there.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
Introduction
Mishnah five discusses the making of roads to lead to the cities of refuge and the accompaniment of the manslayer as he makes his way.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
וידברו אליו – they speak to the blood avenger: “do not follow the practice of those who shed blood; this matter came to his hand inadvertently.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
And direct roads were made leading from one to the other, as it says, “You shall prepare the way and divide the borders of your land into three parts” (Deut. 19:3). Roads were to be made leading to the cities of refuge so that the manslayer would not have a difficult time finding his way. Remember that if the blood avenger found him before he arrived at the city of refuge he could kill him without incurring penalty.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Makkot
הוא מדבר על ידי עצמו – no Sages are required to speak to the blood avenger on his behalf, but he (i.e., the murderer) makes claims to himself. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Makkot
And they delegate to him to disciples of the Sages [as escorts] in case anyone attempted to slay him on the way, and that they might speak to him. Rabbi Meir says: “He may [even] plead his cause himself, as it says, “And this is the word of the manslayer” (Deut. 19:4). In order to prevent the blood avenger from finding the manslayer on his way to the city of refuge the court would assign two disciples of the Sages to travel with him and plead with the blood avenger should he try and attack while on the way. Rabbi Meir’s statement can be read in two ways. He may be suggesting that not only should the disciples of the Sages plead his case, but he should plead himself. According to this interpretation, Rabbi Meir does not disagree with the previous opinion, but rather adds upon it. Alternatively, Rabbi Meir may disagree with the previous opinion. Rabbi Meir may believe that only the manslayer may plead his case, but not the disciples of the Sages. In either case the act of pleading is learned from the verse in Deuteronomy which states “the word of the manslayer”, understood by Rabbi Meir to hint that the manslayer should plead his own case.
