A una virgen se le dan doce meses [hasta el momento de la jupá] desde el momento en que él [el esposo] la solicitó [después de haberla desposado, para pensar en las exigencias de la jupá, para preparar sus adornos.], Para aprovisionarse. [con adornos durante doce meses, está escrito (Bereishith 24:55): "Que la doncella permanezca con nosotros días". ¿Cuál es la intención de los "días"? Un año, está escrito (Levítico 25: 9): "Dentro de unos días (es decir, un año) puede redimirlo". Y así como a la mujer se le da (tiempo), también se le da al hombre (tiempo) para aprovisionarse [para las necesidades del banquete de bodas y la jupá]. Y a una viuda se le dan treinta días, [porque ella no necesita se ocupó demasiado de los adornos, ya los tenía.] Si llegaba el momento y no se casaban, [el novio retrasaba la boda (dado que la primera parte de la Mishná se mencionó con referencia a ella, la segunda parte se indicó de manera similar) ], ella come de él, y ella come terumah [si él es un Cohein y ella es un israelita. Desde el momento en que la prometió, ella come terumah según la ley de la Torá, y está escrito (Levítico 22:11): "Y un Cohein, si adquiere un alma, la adquisición de su dinero", y ella es "la adquisición de su dinero." Es solo que los rabinos deciden que la hija de un israelita casada con un Cohein no come terumah, para que no le sirvan una taza (de terumah) en la casa de su padre y ella les dé de beber a sus hermanos y hermanas. Pero cuando llegó el momento (para su jupá) y no se casó, cuando come de él, no come en la casa de su padre, pero su esposo, el Cohein, designa un lugar para ella donde él la alimenta, de modo que ya no hay necesidad de decretar para que no les dé a sus hermanos y hermanas una copa de terumah.] R. Tarfon dice: Se le puede dar toda la terumah [si lo desea, y cuando los días de su (niddah) impureza llega, ella lo vende y compra chullin (no terumah).] R. Akiva dice: (Se le da) half-chullin [para comer en los días de su impureza], mitad terumah.
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
נותנין לבתולה – the time to bring her into the canopy from the day that the husband demanded her after he betrothed her to warn her on the mattes the Huppah to prepare her ornaments/possessions.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
This mishnah discusses the waiting period between betrothal and marriage.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
לפרנס עצמה – with her ornaments/possessions for twelve months, as it is written (Genesis 24:55): “Let the maiden remain with us some days;” And what are “days” – a year, as it is written (Leviticus 25:29): “[If a man sells a dwelling house in a walled city, I may be redeemed until a year has elapsed since its sale;] the redemption period shall be a year.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
A virgin is given twelve months from the [time her intended] husband claimed her, [in which] to prepare herself for marriage. Just as [such a period] is given to the woman, so is it given to the man to prepare himself. A widow is given thirty days. Betrothal may occur at an early age, but that doesn’t mean that marriage will necessarily occur any time close to the betrothal. There are two steps described by our mishnah that occur before the marriage. The first is that the husband tells the woman whom he betrothed that he wishes to marry her or the woman tells the man to whom she is betrothed that she wishes to get married. From that point on, if this is a first marriage, there can be up to a twelve month period in which the couple prepare for the wedding and the marriage. This would include time to prepare for the wedding, and more importantly, time to prepare the new house and the things that will go into it. She will use this time to prepare her jewelry and clothes for the wedding. A widow is only given thirty days. Since she has already been married she is more prepared for a second marriage. Also, the second marriage was not as big of a celebration.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
לפרנס עצמו – the needs of the meal and the Huppah/marriage.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If the time has come and they were not married they are entitled to receive maintenance from the man’s estate and [if he is a priest] they may eat terumah. If the time to get married has come and passed, and the husband has not yet married his betrothed wife, he must begin to pay for her maintenance, meaning food, clothing and shelter. Since he is feeding her, if he is a priest he may begin to give her terumah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולאלמנה שלשים יום – who does not trouble [herself] so much with her ornaments because they are already in her hand.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Rabbi Tarfon says: They give her [all of her food] in terumah. Rabbi Akiva says: One half unconsecrated food and one half terumah. There is now a debate between Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Tarfon over how much of a woman’s food a priestly husband may supply in terumah. It is to the husband’s advantage to give her terumah since terumah is cheaper than regular, unconsecrated food since only priests may eat terumah (smaller market = lower price). The woman will have a problem with terumah for when she menstruates and is impure she cannot eat it. According to Rabbi Tarfon, the husband can give all of his wife’s food in terumah. If she needs to have unconsecrated food when she is impure, she can sell her terumah and buy other food. Rabbi Akiva demands that he give her half of her food in unconsecrated food so that when she is impure she need not go to the trouble of selling the terumah.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולא נשאו – for the owners delay and since the Tanna/teacher in the first segment taught about her, the end of the Mishnah also teaches about her.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ואוכלת בתרומה – if he is a Kohen, and she is an Israelite, that from the time that he betrothed her, she consumes the Terumah/Priest’s due from Torah law, as it is written (Leviticus 22:11): “But a person who is a priest’s property by purchase may eat of them.” And this person who is [the priest’s] property by purchase , but the Rabbis decreed upon an Israelite woman who is betrothed to a Kohen should not consume Terumah as a decree lest he offer her a cup to drink in her father’s house and she will give her some to her brothers and her sisters, and when the time arrives and she hasn’t married, she eats from his food, and does not eat in her father’s house, other than if her husband who is a Kohen designates a place and feeds her there, but there is no further decree lest she provide drink from a cup of Terumah to her brothers or to her sisters.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ר' עקיבא אומר מחצה חולין – to eat during her impurity.
