Comentario sobre Keilim 2:3
הַטְּהוֹרִין שֶׁבִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, טַבְלָה שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז, וּמַחְתָּה פְרוּצָה, וְאַבּוּב שֶׁל קַלָּאִין, וְסִילוֹנוֹת, אַף עַל פִּי כְפוּפִין אַף עַל פִּי מְקַבְּלִין, וְכַבְכָּב שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ לְסַל הַפַּת, וּטְפִי שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ לָעֲנָבִים, וְחָבִית שֶׁל שַׁיָּטִין, וְחָבִית דְּפוּנָה בְשׁוּלֵי הַמַּחַץ, וְהַמִּטָּה, וְהַכִּסֵּא, וְהַסַּפְסָל, וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, וְהַסְּפִינָה, וְהַמְּנוֹרָה שֶׁל חֶרֶס, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְהוֹרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל, כֹּל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹךְ בִּכְלֵי חֶרֶס, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרָיִם:
Entre los utensilios de barro, estos no son susceptibles a la impureza ritual: una bandeja sin borde, una cacerola cortada, un tubo para maíz seco, caños de canalón, incluso si están doblados o incluso si retienen [agua], una tapa de arcilla que se usa como canasta de pan, una jarra hecha para uvas, un frasco para nadadores, un frasco que se deja entrar a los lados de un cucharón, una cama, un taburete, un banco, una mesa, un barco, un candelabro de barro; Estos no son susceptibles a la impureza ritual. Esta es la regla: cualquier recipiente de barro que no tenga un interior no puede contraer impurezas desde el exterior.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הטהורים שבכלי חרס – flat earthenware vessels (without a receptacle) which are pure, as it is written concerning them (Leviticus 11:33): “And if any of those (i.e., an article of wood, or a cloth, or a skin, or a sack – see previous verse) falls into [an earthen vessel, everything inside it shall be impure and -the vessel – itself you shall break],” that which has an inside is impure; that which lacks an inside is pure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
In our mishnah we learn that earthenware vessels are susceptible to impurity only if they have an "inner part" that is made to receive something.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טבלא שאין לו לזבז (a tray without a rim/edge) – a smooth board that lacks a rim around it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The following are not susceptible to impurity among earthen vessels: A tray without a rim, A broken incense-pan, A pierced pan for roasting corn, Gutters even if they are bent and even if they have some form of receptacle, A cooking vessel that was turned into a bread-basket cover, A bucket that was turned into a cover for grapes, A barrel used for swimmers, A small jar fixed to the sides of a ladle, A bed, a stool, a bench, a table, a ship, and an earthen lamp, behold these are no susceptible to impurity. The vessels listed in this section cannot become impure because they do not have any "inner part," which is made to accept things. Some of these should be understandable, but I will make an attempt to explain some of the others. Gutters are not meant to hold the rain or other things and therefore they can't be defiled. The cooking vessel does have a receptacle, but since they changed it to be used as a cover for grapes which does not "receive" things, it is not susceptible to impurity. The fact that the barrel holds a person does not seem sufficient to consider it a vessel that receives. The little jar fixed to the sides of the ladle has a receptacle, but it is not used to put things in it. Therefore, it is not susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ומחתה (a coal-pan) – that they take coals out with a pan.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The following is a general rule: any among earthen vessels that has no inner part is not susceptible to impurity on its outer sides. This is the general rule. An earthenware vessel that does not have an "inner part" cannot become impure by having something touch it on the outside. In contrast, vessels made of wood etc., can become impure even if they do not have an inner part. If they are made to "receive" something, such as a tray, then they are impure even though they do not have an "inner part."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
פרוצה (the rims of are broken off) – that it does not have sides/walls.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אבוב של קלאים (an iron tube for roasting grain) – earthenware vessel that they roast pulse/peas over a fire. And it is flat/plain without a receptacle and is perforated like a basket used as a sieve on its rims in order that the heat [of the fire] can have power over it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
[The word] קלאים/parched ears is parched by fire.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
סילונות – tubes/spouts.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אף על פי כפופין – even though they are bent from their two sides. And this is which they did not shape a receptacle surrounding them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כבכב (an arched round vessel) – a vessel in which they cover bread baskets (but not as a receptacle). And there are those who have the reading of כפכף – that they cover it on top of the basket. But even if it has a receptacle, it is [ritually] pure for all who use something bent with an earthenware vessel is [ritually] pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והטפי (vessel with a narrow neck – made with intention of using it for grapes) – it is an earthenware vessel that has a receptacle and is susceptible to receive defilement, and this is proven further on in the other chapter (Tractate Kelim, Chapter 3, Mishnah 2). But this is [ritually] pure here, because they (i.e., the Rabbis) prepared it as a cover for grapes and they made a change in it, which proves that they require it for covering graves and it was not made for reception.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
חבית של שייטין (swimmers’ bottle used for practicing) – like a hallowed out jug, and it is closed and doesn’t have a mouth (i.e., opening), in order that It would not sink in the water. And they lean upon it and learn to swim by it. But it even though it has a receptacle, it is not designed for receiving anything And anything which is not made for receiving anything even though it has a receptacle is not susceptible to receiving defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וחבית דפונה בשולי המחץ (an attachment in the shape of a jar fitted into the projecting rims of a vessel – to serve as a handle) – a ladle for filling vessels out of the well or wine or oil-pit which is a large earthenware vessel and it is a kind of jar made at its rim that a person can place his hand into it when he wants to lift the ladle, and because of this, the jar was not made for reception, and is not susceptible to receive defilement.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
דפונה – fitted into.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
המטה והכסא והספסל – all of these are not designed for reception.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והספינה – and even though it was made for reception and even though it is earthenware, it is pure. And in the Tractate Shabbat 9b, we derive it, as it is written (Proverbs 30:19): “[How an eagle makes its way over the sky; How a snake makes its way over a rock;] How a ship makes its way through the high seas; [How a man has his way with a maiden],” and it is obvious that a ship is on the high seas, but rather to inform you that just as the high seas are [ritually] pure, so also the ship is [ritually] pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל שאין לו תוך בכלי חרס אין לו אחוריים – And the Sages decreed on [ritually] impure liquids that defile vessels, and even though the liquids were not defiled other than on account of an unclean reptile, for now they are first-degree of ritual impurity, they defile vessels/utensils from the words of the Scribes, and if they came in contact with/touched the back of the vessel, its outside is defiled, but the inside is not defiled. But now we hold that the defilement of the outside does not take effect other than with an earthenware vessel that has an inside. But all that lacks an inside, there is no defilement of the outside, שsand if impure liquids came in contact with it from the outside, they did not defile the outside of the vessel.
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