Comentario sobre Keilim 17:5
הָרִמּוֹן שֶׁאָמְרוּ, לֹא קָטָן וְלֹא גָדוֹל אֶלָּא בֵינוֹנִי. וּלְמָה הֻזְכְּרוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָאן, שֶׁיְּהוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן בֶּן נוּרִי אוֹמֵר, לְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְכָךְ וּלְכָךְ הֻזְכְּרוּ, לְשַׁעֵר בָּהֶן אֶת הַכֵּלִים, וְיִהְיוּ מְקַדְּשִׁין כָּל שֶׁהֵן. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ רִמּוֹנֵי בָדָאן וַחֲצִירֵי גֶבַע, אֶלָּא שֶׁיִּהְיוּ מִתְעַשְּׂרִין וַדַּאי בְּכָל מָקוֹם:
La granada de la que se habla no es ni pequeña ni grande, sino de tamaño mediano. ¿Por qué se menciona una granada de Badan? Debido a que consagran [es decir, si son orlah , prohíben una mezcla a la que se les agrega] incluso con la menor cantidad, estas son las palabras del rabino Meir. El rabino Yohanan ben Nuri dice que mida los utensilios con ellos. El rabino Akiva dice que fueron mencionados por ambas razones, para medir los utensilios con ellos y porque se consagran incluso con la menor cantidad. El rabino Yose dijo: las granadas de Badan y los puerros Geba solo se mencionaron porque necesitan ser diezmados con certeza en todos los casos [por ejemplo, cuando se compran de amei ha'aretz ].
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הרמון שאמרו – that a vessel that is perforated with the removal of a pomegranate is ritually pure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
More discussion of pomegranates which by the way are delicious and very healthy.
This mishnah begins a series of mishnayot which refer to various items that were used for the purposes of measuring. This will lead us to some side discussions about issues that don't relate directly to Tractate Kelim.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ולמה הוזכרו רמוני בדאן – because we don’t estimate through them, other than through an intermediate-sized pomegranate.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The pomegranate of which they spoke refers to one that is neither small nor big but of moderate size. The pomegranates referred to in previous mishnayot are of middle size.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שיהו מקדשים בהם – that if one of the pomegranates of Baddan are Orlah/fruit that grows during the first three years after a tree was planted or of food crops in a vineyard (i.e., it is forbidden to plant or maintain other crops in a vineyard – rendering the entire vineyard forbidden) that is mixed up/combined with one-thousand pomegranates that are permitted, all of them are sanctified/dedicated and forbidden, which is not the case with the pomegranates of other places.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
And why did they mention the pomegranates of Baddan? That whatever their quantity they cause [other pomegranates] to be forbidden, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri said: to use them as a measure for holes in vessels. Rabbi Akiva said: they were mentioned for both reasons: that they are to be used as a measure for holes in vessels and that whatever their quantity they cause [other pomegranates] to be forbidden. This section refers to an old halakhah concerning the pomegranates of Badan, a region in the north of Israel (Samaria). Our mishnah knows that something was said about these pomegranates by previous generations of sages, but the current sages debate why these pomegranates were mentioned. According to Rabbi Meir if orlah (produce during its first three years, which is prohibited) pomegranates are mixed up with non-orlah pomegranates, the whole lot is prohibited, no matter how few forbidden pomegranates there are. This deviates from the normal rule according to which as long as there are 200 permitted fruits for every orlah fruit, the whole mixture is permitted (see Orlah 3:7). Rabbi Yohanan ben Nuri says that the pomegranates of Baddan were mentioned because they were the middle-sized pomegranates used to measure how large the holes must be for the vessel to be clean. Our chapter was written according to this perspective. Rabbi Akiva, the peacemaker, agrees with both opinions and says that the pomegranates were mentioned with regard to both halakhot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
Baddan is the name of a place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Rabbi Yose said: the pomegranates of Baddan and the leeks of Geba were mentioned only to indicate that they must be tithed everywhere with certain tithe. Rabbi Yose has a different opinion. The pomegranates of Baddan and the leeks of Geba both come from Samaria, which was at the time dominated by the Samaritans. According to the rabbis the Samaritans did not tithe their produce, or at least did not do so in a proper fashion. Therefore, if a person bought pomegranates or leeks that grew in this region he can be sure that they were not tithed. And although usually when one buys produce from an am haaretz (a non-educated person) he only needs to separate tithes out of doubt (called demai, and there was a whole tractate about this) when it comes to this produce, he can be sure that the am haaretz didn't separate tithes, because the am haaretz will think that the Samaritan did. Note that Rabbi Yose is the only sage who connects this produce with the region from which it comes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
לשער בו את הכלים (to measure utensils with them) – for he holds that a person who removes a pomegranate of vessels, the pomegranates of Baddan measure them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אמר ר' יהודה לא הוזכרו רמוני בדאין וכו' – but in regard to sanctification, there is no distinction between the pomegranates of Baddan and the rest of the pomegranates, for all are sanctified. For Rabbi Yehuda holds that everything whose manner is to be counted is sanctified. In the Chapter of the Mixtures (Chapter 8 of Tractate Zevakhim), and at the beginning of the Tractate Betzah (3a).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בדאן וגבע – two places of Cutheans, and the pomegranates and leeks of these places [from Rimon and Hatzir] of the rest of the places. But the Cutheans definitely do not tithe what they sell to others, and they are not anxious regarding [the Biblical verse in Leviticus 19:16): “place a stumbling block before the blind,” for even though for themselves they tithe, therefore, they definitely tithe in every place (previously certainly untithed).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
חצירי – leeks are called PURUSH in the foreign tongue, like (Numbers 11:5): “the leeks and the onions.”
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