R. Yehudah b. Bava dijo además: está permitido llevar en un jardín y un karpef que son setenta codos y un remanente por setenta codos y un remanente rodeado por una puerta de diez tefachim de alto [Ya que él declaró una rigurosidad frente a las tablas, es decir, que pueden ser utilizados solo para un pozo público, y ahora declara otra exigencia, que incluso cuando no se permitía servir más que beth sa'atayim, se indica "más".] siempre que haya dentro de él un vigilante stand [(porque aunque sirve para habitación, solo se permite beth sa'atayim, y no más)], o una casa para habitar, o (siempre que sea) cerca de la ciudad. [Porque dado que está cerca de su casa, tiene la intención de usarla constantemente, de modo que se considere que sirve para vivir.] R. Yehudah dice: Incluso si dentro de ella solo hay un agujero, un hoyo o una cueva, él puede llevarlo dentro. R. Akiva dice: incluso si nada de lo anterior está en él, puede llevarlo dentro, siempre que haya dentro de él setenta codos y un remanente (cuatro tefachim) por setenta codos y un remanente. [Y no más. Y el primer tanna, arriba (2: 3), a saber: "Le dijeron: Dijeron 'beth sa'atayim' solo para un jardín o un karpef, pero en un corral, o un sachar, o un chatzer, etc. "—ese tanna también se sostiene con R. Akiva, que donde hay una habitación, solo se permite beth sa'atayim. ¿Dónde se diferencian? La gemara explica que difieren con respecto a la pequeña cantidad por la cual beth sa'atayim excede setenta codos y un remanente al cuadrado, el primer tanna sostiene que se permite un beth sa'atayim completo; y R. Akiva, setenta codos y un remanente por setenta codos y un remanente y nada más. ¿Y de dónde deducimos que beth sa'atayim es mayor que setenta codos y un remanente al cuadrado? La gemara pregunta: ¿Cuánto es sa'atayim? (Y responde :) Como la corte del tabernáculo, del cual está escrito (Éxodo 27:18): "La longitud de la corte será de cien codos, y su ancho, cincuenta por cincuenta. Y se expone: ¿Cuál es la intención de "cincuenta por cincuenta"? La Torá nos dice: Tome los cincuenta por los cuales la longitud excede el ancho y "rodee" los cincuenta que quedan para llegar al límite (permitido) del sábado—setenta codos y cuatro tefachim al cuadrado. ¿Cómo es eso? Haz de ellas cinco tiras de diez codos de ancho por cincuenta codos de largo. Coloque uno al este (del cincuenta por cincuenta) y otro al oeste, de modo que ahora tengamos setenta de ancho por cincuenta de largo. Coloque una (franja) al sur y otra al norte, y ahora tenemos setenta por setenta; pero las esquinas son defectuosas (es decir, sin relleno), cada esquina es de diez por diez codos debido a la adición. De la quinta tira, tome cuatro piezas de diez (por diez) con las que llenar las cuatro esquinas. Tome los diez por diez restantes, que son sesenta tefachim por sesenta tefachim (1 codo = seis tefachim), y haga de ellos treinta tiras de dos tefachim cada una, cada una de diez codos de largo—todos juntos, trescientos codos de largo. Coloque setenta a cada lado, de modo que ahora haya setenta codos y cuatro tefachim por setenta codos y cuatro tefachim. Pero las esquinas son defectuosas, dos tefachim por dos tefachim. Esto te deja con veinte codos. Toma ocho tefachim y llena las esquinas. Te quedan dieciocho codos y cuatro tefachim de largo por dos codos de ancho. Y esta es la "pequeña cantidad". Porque si los extiende por igual, el ancho adicional equivale a dos tercios de un dedo. Para ello debes hacer una tira de 283 codos de largo para rodear los cuatro lados. Así lo encontré explicado en Rashi, y es correcto. Rambam "buscó muchas cuentas", pero no pude entenderlo. El fallo está de acuerdo con R. Akiva en "Incluso si nada de lo anterior está en él, puede llevarlo dentro". Pero en su diferencia con los sabios de "Le dijeron, etc." arriba, afirmando que debe ser (como máximo) setenta y un remanente (cuatro tefachim) por setenta y un remanente, y no más—en esto, la halajá está de acuerdo con los sabios. Porque está permitido con beth sa'atayim, como (el área de) el patio del tabernáculo, que es algo más de setenta codos y un remanente al cuadrado.] R. Eliezer dice: Si su longitud fuera mayor que su ancho, incluso un codo, no está permitido llevar en él [incluso si redujo el ancho y agregó a la longitud, de modo que en total no había más que beth sa'atayim. Porque es solo un cuadrado que los rabinos permitieron cuando no sirve como habitación.] R. Yossi dice: Incluso si su longitud fuera el doble de su ancho, está permitido llevarlo allí. [La halajá está de acuerdo con R. Yossi, quien difiere de R. Eliezer, no se requiere un cuadrado.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ועוד א"ר יהודה בן בבא – because he said one stringent thing regarding boards when he said that we don’t make them other than for a public well, and now he stated another stringency, for even if surrounding the dwelling, they did not permit more than from two Se’ah’s space (i.e., 70 2/3 cubits square); because of this it (i.e., the Mishnah) teaches "ועוד" /”and furthermore.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
In mishnah three we learned that the maximum size of a garden or karpaf (enclosed area for storing wood) within which one may carry on Shabbat is two bet se’ah, or 5000 square cubits, the size of the mishkan (tabernacle) which was 100 cubits by 50 cubits. Our mishnah discusses a square garden or karpaf.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
שומירה – a booth/shed for watchmen and even though it surrounds the dwelling it is two Se’ah in size which is permitted, but not more.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah ben Bava further said: a garden or a karpaf whose [area does not exceed] seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction, which is surrounded by a fence ten handbreadths high, it is permitted to carry within it, provided there is in it a watchman’s hut or a dwelling place or it is near to a town. If the garden or karpaf is square its sides can be 70 and a fraction cubits long. Most commentators consider this “fraction” to be up to 2/3. 70 2/3 squared is 4993 7/9, a number pretty close to the maximum 5000 (the square root of 5000 is 70.71...). Other commentators reckon the exact fraction slightly differently. Rabbi Judah ben Bava also requires that the garden or karpaf be at least partially enclosed to serve as living quarters (see mishnah three). If it has a watchman’s hut, or is used even temporarily as a dwelling place he may carry witin it. Additionally, if it is close enough to town (within 2000 cubits, the Shabbat limit see introduction) then he frequently goes there and it is as if he lives in it. If it does not meet these requirements Rabbi Judah ben Bava forbids carrying there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
סמוכה לעיר – for since it is near to his house, his intention is to use it always and is like it surrounding the house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah says: even if it contained only a cistern, a ditch or a cave it is permitted to carry within it. According to Rabbi Judah, in order to be allowed to carry in the garden or karpaf they need not serve as dwelling places, but they must have been enclosed to serve some purpose for human beings (and not just to store things). A cistern and a ditch are used to collect rain water and a cave protects a person from the hot sun.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ובלבד שתהא שבעים ושירים על שבעים ושירים – but not more, for the First Tanna/teacher also, above (Chapter 2, Mishnah 3), that they (i.e., the Rabbis) said to him: they did not state two Se’ah other than for a garden and an enclosed space (of seventy square cubits) outside of a town or a settlement, but if it was a shed (for cattle)/store-house or an enclosure (for cattle) or a courtyard, etc., it is according to Rabbi Akiva who stated it, for where there is a dwelling place, and even many of them also, and it is not surrounded by two Se’ah for a dwelling. And what is the difference between them? We stated in the Gemara (Talmud Eruvin 23b) that there is a small amount of difference between them, for two Se’ah is larger than seventy cubits and a fraction (i.e. 70 2/3 cubits) square for the first Tanna/teacher permits two complete Se’ah and Rabbi Akiva seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction (i.e. 70 2/3 cubits but no further. But how did we know that two Se’ah is more than seventy cuits and a fraction squared, for we said in the Gemara (Talmud Eruvin 23b) and how much are the two Se’ah? Like the courtyard of the Tabernacle/Mishkan and it is written about the courtyard of the Tabernacle (Exodus 27:18): “The length of the enclosure shall be a hundred cubits, and the width fifty throughout.” And we expound: What is "חמשים בחמשים" /”fifty throughout?” The Torah stated: Take fifty whose length is greater than its width and surround the fifty remaining to the measure of Shabbat which would be for them seventy cubits and four handbreadths square. How so? He made from them five strips of ten cubits wide and their length was fifty. Take one to the east and one to the west, its width is seventy and its length is fifty. Place one to the south and one to the north, one has seventy [cubits] by seventy [cubits], but the corners are impaired for each corner by ten by ten because of the addition that had been added. Take from the fifth strip four pieces of ten apiece and place them on the four corners and they will be filled. Take ten [cubits] by ten [cubits] that are remaining which are sixty handbreadths [by sixty handbreadths] and make of them strips of two handbreadths – that makes thirty strips the length of each one is ten cubits which are three-hundred cubits, put seventy in each direction that makes seventy [cubits] and four handbreadths by seventy cubits and four handbreadths, but the corners are impaired by two handbreadths by two handbreadths. And there remained in your hand twenty cubits: take from them eight handbreadths and place them on the corners and they will be filled, and there will remain in your hand eighteen cubits and four handbreadths length with the width of two handbreadths, and that is a small mount, and if you came to divide them and to surround [it], it does not reach the addition for the width two-thirds fingers for you have to make of it a strap of two hundred and eighty-three [cubits] length to encompass the four directions. Such I have found in the explanation of this approach in the commentary of Rashi, and it is correct. But Maimonides requested many calculations and I did not go down to the end of this knowledge and in what Rabbi Akiva said: Even if there isn’t even one of these things we carry in it, the Halakha is according to him, but what he is in dispute with the Sages and they said to him that above and he holds that seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction and no more – in this, the Halakha is according to the Sages. For the two Se’ah is like the courtyard of the Tabernacle is permitted for it is a small amount more than seventy cubits and a fraction squared.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Akiva says: even if it contained none of these it is permitted to carry within it, provided its area [does not exceed] seventy cubits and a fraction by seventy cubits and a fraction. Rabbi Akiva says that as long as the karpaf or garden do not exceed the maximum size, it is permitted to carry within them, no matter what they are used for.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אם היתה ארכה יותר כעל רחבה – and even though he reduced its width and added on to its length, there isn’t in all of it other than two-Seah – we don’t carry for it is something squared that the Rabbis permitted where it is not surrounded for living. But the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi who disputes with Rabbi Eliezer and does not required squared.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Eliezer says: if its length exceeded its breadth even by a single cubit it is not permitted to carry within it. Rabbi Eliezer says that one can only carry in a square karpaf or garden and not in a rectangular one.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Yose says: even if its length is twice its breadth it is permitted to carry within it. Rabbi Yose says that the garden and karpaf can be rectangular or square. They can even be more rectangular than the mishkan, whose length was twice its width (100 x 50 cubits).
