Comentario sobre Behorot 6:1
עַל אֵלּוּ מוּמִין שׁוֹחֲטִין אֶת הַבְּכוֹר, נִפְגְּמָה אָזְנוֹ מִן הַסְּחוּס, אֲבָל לֹא מִן הָעוֹר, נִסְדְּקָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא חָסְרָה, נִקְּבָה מְלֹא כַרְשִׁינָה, אוֹ שֶׁיָּבָשָׁה. אֵיזוֹ הִיא יְבֵשָׁה, כֹּל שֶׁתִּנָּקֵב וְאֵינָהּ מוֹצִיאָה טִפַּת דָּם. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי בֶּן מְשֻׁלָּם אוֹמֵר, יְבֵשָׁה, שֶׁתְּהֵא נִפְרָכֶת:
¿Por qué defectos matamos a un primogénito? Si su oreja se perfora a través del cartílago, pero no a través de la piel, si está cortada pero no le falta nada, si hay un agujero del tamaño de una semilla de Vicia ervilia , o si está seca. ¿Qué se considera seco? Cualquier cosa que no sangraría si se perfora. El rabino Yossi ben Meshulam dice: Está seco si se desmorona.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
על אלו מומין. נפגמה – there is no notch without loss, but a slit [in the ear] implies also without loss, and the measurement of a notch is when one makes a notch deep a=enough for the nail to halt on passing over the edge (see Talmud Bekhorot 37b).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Introduction
Chapter six delineates the types of blemishes that disqualify a first born animal from being sacrificed. The Torah lists only two types of blemishes “lame and blind” (see Deuteronomy 15:21). However, the same verse also states, “any serious blemish.” From this verse the rabbis derive that any blemish that is significant like being lame and blind, renders the animal unfit. The general rule is that the blemish must be visible and a type of blemish that doesn’t heal.
Today’s mishnah deals with blemishes of the ear.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
חסחוס (if the ear is split from the cartilage inwards) – the lobe of the ear which is called TANRUS in the foreign language.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
In consequence of the following blemishes a first-born animal may be slaughtered:
If its ear has become defective, from the cartilages [inward] but not if the defect is in the ear-flap; In order for the defect in the ear to disqualify the animal, it must be in the inner, cartilage part of the ear, and not in the flappy outside part. To be defective means that part of the ear has been removed.
If its ear has become defective, from the cartilages [inward] but not if the defect is in the ear-flap; In order for the defect in the ear to disqualify the animal, it must be in the inner, cartilage part of the ear, and not in the flappy outside part. To be defective means that part of the ear has been removed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אבל לא מן העור- for the distinguished skin is healthy and it is not a blemish and this skin is the soft ear-lap.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If it is slit although there was no loss [of substance]; The animal is also disqualified if the entire cartilage part is slit, even if no part of the ear is missing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
נקיבה מלא כרשינה – that there is in the cavity of the incision a measurement of the berry of vetch, whether the incision is long or whether it is round, if there is in all of them to combine in its cavity like the measurement of a berry of a vetch, this is a blemish.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If it is perforated with a hole as large as a karshinah A karshinah is a type of legume. If the ear has a hole in it the size of this legume, the animal is disqualified.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
שתהא נפרכת – it becomes crumbles and broken pieces when they handle it. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi. But these blemishes that are considered in our Mishnah, when they slaughter upon them the firstling, we derive from Biblical verses, as it is written (Deuteronomy 15:21): “But if it has a defect,” is a generalization, “lameness or blindness” is a detail, “any serious defect” – it returned to provide a generalization, you do not judge other than what is similar to the detail. Just as the detail explains open blemishes that do not return [to their healthy state], so also, all open blemishes and they don’t return [to their healthy state] (and the Halakha is according to the first Tanna/teacher).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Or if [the ear] has become dry. What is considered “becoming dry”? If when pierced no drop of blood comes out. Rabbi Yose ben Meshullam says: [it] is dry when it crumbles [when touched]. A dry and withered out ear also disqualifies the animal. There are two opinions as to what makes an ear considered to be dry and withered out. The first is that it is void of blood. The second is that it is so dry that it crumbles when touched.
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