Comentario sobre Behorot 1:6
הַמַּפְרִישׁ פִּדְיוֹן פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר וּמֵת, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ, כַּחֲמֵשׁ סְלָעִים שֶׁל בֵּן. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵין חַיָּבִין בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ, כְּפִדְיוֹן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי. הֵעִיד רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְרַבִּי צָדוֹק עַל פִּדְיוֹן פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר שֶׁמֵּת, שֶׁאֵין כָּאן לַכֹּהֵן כְּלוּם. מֵת פֶּטֶר חֲמוֹר, רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר אוֹמֵר, יִקָּבֵר, וּמֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָתוֹ שֶׁל טָלֶה. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהִקָּבֵר, וְהַטָּלֶה לַכֹּהֵן:
Si uno separa la redención de un burro primogénito y muere, el rabino Eli'ezer dice: Uno es responsable de ello, al igual que las cinco selaim [monedas de un valor específico] por [la redención de] un hijo. Los sabios dicen: Uno no es responsable por ello, al igual que la redención de Maaser Sheini [segundo diezmo del producto, que debe llevarse a Jerusalén y consumirse allí]. El rabino Yehoshua y el rabino Tzadok testificaron sobre la redención de un burro primogénito que murió, que el sacerdote no recibe nada en tal caso. Si un burro primogénito muere, el rabino Eliezer dice: Está enterrado y está permitido beneficiarse del cordero. Los sabios dicen: no hay que enterrarlo, y el cordero va al sacerdote.
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
בחמש סלעים של פדיון הבן – for they are liable for it (i.e., the five Selas for the redemption price of the first-born male).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If one sets aside [a lamb] for the redemption of the first-birth of a donkey and it died: Rabbi Eliezer says: he is responsible as is the case with the five selas for the redemption of the first-born. But the sages say: he is not responsible, as is the case with the redemption of the second tithe. In this case the lamb used to redeem the first-born of a donkey dies before it can be given to the priest. Rabbi Eliezer says that he must separate a new lamb and give it to the priest. This is the same rule as would apply if he lost the five selas that he must give to the priest in order to redeem his first-born son. To Rabbi Eliezer the donkey is not redeemed until the owner actually gives the lamb to the priest. Until that point the lamb belongs to the owner and if it dies, it is his loss. The other rabbis hold that once the lamb is set aside, the first-born of the donkey has been redeemed. The lamb has now taken the place of the donkey and the only thing missing is giving it to the priest. If the lamb dies now, it is the priest’s loss and he need not give another lamb to the priest. This is the same rule as applies to money used to redeem second tithe produce. Once the produce has been redeemed it is non-sacred and the money is holy. If the money is lost, he need not go back and redeem it again.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
כפדיון מעשר שני – that if he lost it, he is not liable for it (i.e., to replace the redemption of the Second Tithe). For that money, the All-Merciful made him liable to eat in Jerusalem and it left him. And the reason of Rabbi Eliezer is that we found that Scripture made an analogy between the first-born of the donkey and the first born of a human, as it states (Exodus 34:20): “But the firstling of an ass you shall redeem with a sheep; [if you do not redeem it, you must break its neck.] And you must redeem every first-born among your sons.” But the Sages state (Numbers 18:15): “But you shall have the fist-born of man redeemed, and you shall also have the firstling of unclean animals redeemed.” For redemption, the analogy was made but not for another thing.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Zadok testified concerning the redemption of the first-born of a donkey which died that the priest receives nothing [in such circumstances]. Rabbi Joshua and Rabbi Zadok testify that the halakhah is in accordance with the sages. If the lamb dies after it has been set aside to redeem the first-born donkey, the priest doesn’t receive anything. However, it seems that the priest would receive the corpse, because after all, the lamb was already his.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ואין כאן לכהן כלום – and he (i.e., the Kohen) is not liable for it, according to the Rabbis. And such is the Halakha.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Bekhorot
If the first-born of a donkey died [after the lamb for redemption had been set aside]: Rabbi Eliezer says: it shall be buried, but the lamb may be used. But the sages say: it does not need to be buried and the lamb belongs to the priest. If the first born of the donkey dies after the lamb has been set aside, Rabbi Eliezer believes that the donkey was still holy. Therefore, it must be buried and one cannot derive any benefit from its corpse. However, the holiness of the donkey had not yet been transferred to the lamb, because this only happens when the lamb is given to the priest. Therefore, the lamb can still be used. Note that this is consistent with Rabbi Eliezer’s position above. The other rabbis hold that as soon as the lamb is set aside, it takes on the holiness of the donkey. Therefore, it the donkey dies it need not be buried. The lamb, however, must be given to the priest because as soon as he set it aside, it belongs to the priest.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
מת פטר חמור – after he (i.e., the owner) set aside the redemption, but he had not as yet given it to the Kohen.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
רבי אליעזר אומר יקבר – for since he is liable for the lamb, it is like someone who had not separated it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
ומותר – an Israelite [is permitted] in deriving benefit from the lamb, for it is like someone who did not separate it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Bekhorot
אין צריך להקבר – that from the time that I will separate the lamb, it becomes the property of the Kohen and the sanctity of the firstborn ass is released.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy