Si yom tov cayó después del Shabat (es decir, el domingo), Beth Shammai dice: Todo está inmerso antes del Shabat. [Porque uno debe limpiarse para el festival, y todo lo que requiere inmersión, tanto hombres como vasos, se sumergen antes del Shabat]. Y Beth Hillel dice: Los vasos (están inmersos) antes del Shabat, y los hombres (se sumergen) en Shabat. [Las embarcaciones están inmersas antes del Shabat, ya que son aptas para algo después de la inmersión para las cuales no estaban preparadas antes de la inmersión, si estuvieran inmersas en Shabat o en yom tov, esto sería "enmendar algo" y estaría prohibido. "Shabbath" se dice aquí (en lugar de "yom tov") para informarnos del "poder" de Beth Hillel, que permitieron sumergirse incluso en Shabbath; porque se da la impresión de que lo hace por el hecho de bañarse y refrescarse, y no (necesariamente) por el bien de la limpieza ritual.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
מטבילין את הכל – for a person is obligated to ritually purify himself on the Festival. And everything that requires ritual immersion, whether a person or utensils, we ritually immerse prior to the Sabbath.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
In mishnaic times it was customary for people who observed the laws of purity to immerse vessels and for people to immerse before Yom Tov so that everything would be pure. In our mishnah Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel debate whether or not one can immerse on Shabbat in preparation for a Yom Tov which falls on Sunday.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
כלים מלפני השבת – for since they are worthy after ritual immersion for things that they were not worthy for prior to the immersion, if one immerses them on Shabbat or on Yom Tov/the Festival day, it would be like repairing a matter an that is forbidden. And Shabbat was used here to inform you of the power of the School of Hillel, that even on the Sabbath, they permitted the ritual immersion of a person, because it appears like holding him dear and become cols cold and bathes for pleasure and not for the sake of ritual immersion.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
If [Yom Tov] fell on the day after Shabbat: Bet Shammai says: one must immerse everything [unclean] before Shabbat. According to Bet Shammai both vessels and people must be immersed before Shabbat. They hold that it is forbidden to immerse on Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
But Bet Hillel says: vessels [must be immersed] before Shabbat but people [may immerse] on Shabbat. Bet Hillel holds that it is permitted to immerse on Shabbat but that one should nevertheless immerse the vessels before Shabbat. The reason not to immerse the vessels on Shabbat is that by immersing the vessels he makes them usable. This is like “completing a vessel” which is forbidden on Shabbat. However, when a person immerses him/herself it might just look like she/he is washing, and hence it is permitted.
