Un huevo que fue incubado en yom tov [después del Shabat] —Beth Shammai dice: Se puede comer; Beth Hillel dice: no se puede comer. [La justificación de Beth Hillel: cada huevo que se incuba hoy se completa el día anterior, de modo que se descubre que Shabat se ha "preparado" para iom tov; pero las Escrituras dicen (Éxodo 16: 5): "Y será en el sexto día, que prepararán (para el sábado) lo que traerán"— y el sexto día es generalmente chol (mundano, no un día sagrado) —de donde: Chol se prepara para Shabat y chol se prepara para yom tov (que también se llama "Shabbath"), pero yom tov no se prepara para Shabat y Shabbath no se prepara para yom tov. Y la preparación del tipo de huevo, aunque esté en manos del cielo, se llama, sin embargo, "preparación". Sin embargo, dado que Shabat y Yom Tov son distintivos, su comida requiere preparación en chol, y uno de ellos puede no prepararse para el otro, incluso preparación en manos del cielo—pero una comida de chol no es distintiva y no requiere preparación, de modo que en un domingo en general, que no es un yom tov, no se debe prohibir un huevo eclosionado porque fue preparado en Shabat, porque la Torá sí No requiere preparación para una comida de col del día anterior. Y prohibieron un huevo incubado en cualquier yom tov, incluso no después del Shabat—un decreto en razón de iom tov después del Shabat. Del mismo modo, prohibieron chupar un huevo crudo en cualquier Shabat—un decreto por Shabat después de iom tov. Y con Shabat y Yom Tov, uno tras otro, un huevo incubado en el primero está prohibido en el segundo. Y lo mismo ocurre con los dos días de Rosh Hashaná. Pero con los dos yom tov días de exilio, donde, forzosamente, uno de ellos es chol, un huevo incubado en el primero está permitido en el segundo.] Beth Shammai dice: Se'or (levadura) (está prohibido) con el tamaño de aceituna y jametz (alimento fermentado), del tamaño de una fecha. [Con respecto a comer, todos están de acuerdo en que ambos están prohibidos con un tamaño de aceituna, la Escritura comienza con se'or y concluye con jametz, a saber. (Éxodo 12:19): "No se encontrará señor en sus casas, para todos los que comen jametz, etc."—para informarnos de que (en lo que respecta a comer) el señor y el jametz son lo mismo. ¿Dónde se diferencian? Con respecto a la eliminación. Beth Shammai sostiene que dado que (con respecto a la remoción) la Escritura escribió sobre ambos, señor y jametz (Ibid. 13: 7) en lugar de escribir ese jametz, la "levadura" menor debe ser eliminada, por lo que podríamos inferir un fortiori ese señor, la mayor "levadura", debe eliminarse con certeza—debe ser que el tamaño (prohibido) de uno no es el mismo que el del otro, (la halajá de) la eliminación no se deriva de (la de) comer. Y Beth Hillel sostiene que ambos (están prohibidos) con un tamaño de aceituna, la eliminación se deriva de comer. Y debido a que estas (primeras) tres cosas se encuentran entre las decisiones indulgentes de Beth Shammai y las decisiones estrictas de Beth Hillel con respecto a iom tov, se aducen juntas.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
ביצה שנולדה ביו"ט – [on Yom Tov] which is after Shabbat is what we are dealing with. And the reason of the School of Hillel which states “it may not be eaten,” because an egg laid today was fully developed yesterday (Talmud Betzah 2b), and it results that Shabbat would prepare for Yom Tov, and the Torah states (Exodus 16:5): “But on the sixth day, when they apportion [what they have brought in, it shall prove to be double the amount they gather each day],” for a regular Friday is a weekday, on a weekday one prepares for Shabbat, and on a weekday one prepares for a Yom Tov/Festival, for a Festival is also called Shabbat, one does not prepare on a Yom Tov for Shabbat nor does one prepare on Shabbat for a Yom Tov. And preparation like this of the egg, even though it is in the hands of heaven, it is called preparation. However, Shabbat and Yom Tov are important, as they require that their meals have preparation/designation on a weekday, and on one of them, one can prepare for its fellow, even with preparation at the hands of heaven, but the meal of a weekday is not considered important nor does it require preparation. Therefore, on a mere Sunday which is not a Holy Day, we don’t forbid an egg that was laid on that day because it was completed on Shabbat, but the meal of a weekday, the all-Merciful does not require preparation while it is still daylight. But they (i.e., the Rabbis) an egg that was laid on any Holy Day/Yom Tov, and even though it is not after the Shabbat, as a decree because of a Holy Day that comes after the Sabbath. And similarly, they forbade an egg that was laid on every Sabbath to quaff/swallow a living animal, as a decree because of a Shabbat that comes after a Yom Tov. For a Sabbath and a Holy Day that are juxtaposed one to the other, an egg that is laid on this one is forbidden [to be eaten] on that one. And similarly, the two days Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah, but the second Holy Days of the Diaspora that whatever be your opinion one of them is a weekday, and an egg that is laid on this one is permitted on that one.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Introduction
The first part of the first mishnah of Betzah is about its namesake, an egg born on Yom Tov. The second part is associated with the first part because both contain debates between Bet Shammai and Bet Hillel, and in both Bet Hillel rules strictly.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
שאור בכזית – as regarding eating, everyone does not dispute that both this (leaven) and that (leavened bread) are [forbidden] with an olive’s bulk, for since the Biblical verse begins with שאור/leaven and concludes with חמץ/leavened bread. “No leaven shall be found in your houses [for seven days]. For whoever eats what is leavened, [that person shall be cut off from the community of Israel],” to tell you that this is “leaven” and that is which is leavened, as is the case with the one is also the case with the other. But they (i.e., the Schools of Hillel and Shammai) argue regarding removal, as the School of Shammai holds that since the All-Merciful has written for both leaven and that which is leavened, and to write [the word] Hametz/leavened product, for its that which is a strong leavening agent (see Talmud Betzah 7b), and despite this, one is obligated to remove it, and it is an a fortiori for leaven which is a strong leavening agent, but we learn from this that the measurement for the one is not like the measurement of the other, and we don’t derive removal [of Hametz] from eating. But the School of Hillel holds that both (i.e. שאור וחמץ) [are forbidden] by an olive’s bulk, as we derive removal from eating. But because that these three things are of the liberal opinions of the School of Shammai and the of the stringencies of the School of Hillel regarding the Yom Tov, they are taught together.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
An egg laid on Yom Tov: Bet Shammai say: it may be eaten [on the same day]; But Bet Hillel say: it may not be eaten [until the day is over]. According to Bet Shammai, just as it is permitted to slaughter a chicken on Yom Tov, it is also permitted to eat an egg that is laid on Yom Tov. In other words, the chicken and everything in it is permitted on Yom Tov. In contrast, Bet Hillel hold that while the chicken itself is permitted, the egg that is laid is prohibited. The egg is what is called “nolad” it is born, or new, something that was not there when Yom Tov began and hence was not set aside for use at the beginning of Yom Tov. This prohibition is similar to muktzeh the idea that something that was not set aside before Yom Tov to be used on Yom Tov may not be used on Yom Tov.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Beitzah
בכותבת – date palm.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Beitzah
Bet Shammai say: [the quantity of] leaven is of the size of an olive and leavened bread is of the size of a date; But Bet Hillel say: both are of the size of an olive. Exodus 13:7 says, “No leavened bread shall be seen with you and no leaven shall be found in all your territory.” The verse mentions two things: the leavening agent (starter dough) and the leavened bread, both of which are prohibited. According to Bet Shammai the point of the verse is to teach that the two prohibitions are different. Leaven is prohibited at the size of an olive, whereas leavened bread is prohibited at a larger amount, the size of a date. Beth Hillel hold that in both cases an olive’s worth is prohibited. Note that smaller amounts are not permitted either. A smaller amount is still forbidden but one who consumes a smaller amount has not transgressed the Biblical prohibition of leaven or leavened bread on Passover.
