Talmud zu Eduyot 7:10

Rebbi Levi in the name of Rebbi Ḥama bar Ḥanina: That year¹⁷⁴The year described in the Esther Scroll. was intercalary. What is the reason? From day to day, and from month to month, to the twelfth month which is the month of Adar¹⁷⁵Esth. 3:7, describing Haman’s casting of lots (following the Babylonian calendar in which the intercalary month also was Adar.). Is the first Adar additional? Is the second Adar additional? What is the difference between them? Rebbi Samuel ben Rav Isaac said, the two lambs of Pentecost are between them¹⁷⁶They are prescribed to be yearlings. On the face of it, they have nothing to do with the rules of Adar since they are due in Siwan. The meaning of the statement is that if the first Adar is the addition, the second Adar is the last in the year and the year is stretched to 13 months. But if the second Adar is the addition then a month-year by definition has 12 months; the thirteenth month is neither of the preceding nor of the following year. (This argument is not found otherwise in the Talmudim.) In the first case, a lamb is a yearling up to the date of its birth in the following year; in the second case it is a yearling for 12 months from the date of its birth.. If it was born on the fifteenth of Adar in a non-intercalary year and it enters an intercalary year; if you are saying that the first Adar is additional, it is a long year. If you are saying that the second Adar is additional, it^176*The lamb as a yearling. has only up to the fifteenth of the first Adar. Rebbi Ayvo bar Naggari said, a Mishnah states that the first Adar is additional, as we have stated there¹⁷⁷Mishnah Idiut 7:7.: “They testified that one may intercalate the year during all of Adar; for there were those who said, until Purim. They testified that one may intercalate the year conditionally¹⁷⁸The calendar court has the entire month of Adar (necessarily the first) to decree the year as intercalary (and thereby changing the current Adar from 29 to 30 days) In the absence of the Patriarch the court may decree an intercalation subject to later approval by the Patriarch..” This implies that the first Adar is additional. If you would say that the second Adar is the addition¹⁷⁹See Note 176., it no longer is the year and he intercalates it? Mar Uqba found two letters¹⁸⁰This is the traditional style in which the Patriarch’s court announces intercalation; cf. Sanhedrin: Yerushalmi 1:1 Notes 179ff., Tosephta 2:2–11, Babli 11b. In this case these were letters addressed to the Head of the Diaspora in Babylonia.. In one was written, “it is good in my eyes and the eyes of my colleagues to add thirty days to the year.” And in one it was written, “it is good in my eyes and the eyes of my colleagues to add a month to the year.” He who says “thirty days” implies that the first Adar is additional¹⁸¹Since as noted at the end, the regular Adar preceding Nisan has 29 days.; he who says “a month” implies that the second Adar is additional. If from there, you cannot infer anything, as Rebbi Jacob bar Aḥa and Rebbi Yudan from Gezur, Rebbi Simon in the name of Rebbi Joshua ben Levi said, forever both months may be augmented¹⁸²The rule that the Adar preceding Nisan has 29 days is a desideratum; its violation does not invalidate any religious act.. If he augmented the first and did not augment the second, what he did is well done. Always the Adar close to Nisan is defective¹⁸³Without explicit change from a competent authority..

MISHNAH: Rebbi Joḥanan ben Gudguedah testified about a deaf-mute girl¹⁴⁰She is presumed not to be able to read and write. Since she has no means of communication with the outside world, she is incompetent in law. She herself could not conclude a marriage valid by biblical standards, but her father can marry her off when underage in a biblically valid marriage. Cf. Yebamot, Mishnah 14:3, Notes 20–24.
“Testified” usually means a statement of practice from Temple times accepted by the Jabneh Academy as binding. who was married off by her father, that she must be divorced by a bill of divorce¹⁴¹Since a divorce is a unilateral act by the husband as long as she is able to receive the bill. An insane woman, who cannot keep her bill of divorce, cannot be divorced., and about an underage girl who was married to a Cohen¹⁴²Even if the father had died and she was married in a rabbinically valid marriage by her mother or brothers, from which she may walk out without formality before she reaches adulthood (cf. Yebamot 1:2, Note 38)., that she may eat heave and her husband inherits from her if she dies, and about a stolen log which was used to build a house¹⁴³In Babylonian versions of the Mishnah, it is added “for the benefit of repentant sinners”, as explained in the Halakhah., that [the owner] has to take the value¹⁴⁴He cannot sue the robber for restitution of the original log., and about a purification sacrifice of a stolen animal¹⁴⁵It is a sinful act to use any stolen or robbed animal as a sacrifice. If such a sacrifice would be declared invalid, no Cohen would volunteer to serve in the Temple for fear of unwittingly committing the sin of eating from an invalid sacrifice. Therefore, a sacrifice can be rejected only if it is known that it was obtained by illegal means. which was not known in public, that it atones because of the order of the altar.