Die Sheniyoth, die von den Soferim verboten wurde (siehe 2: 4): "Wenn sie für den Ehemann und nicht für den Yavam Shniyah wäre [z. B. die Mutter der Mutter ihres Mannes, aber nicht der Mutter des Yavam, als wären sie Brüder von der Vater, aber nicht von der Mutter], sie ist dem Ehemann verboten und dem Yavam gestattet. Wenn sie dem Yavam und nicht dem Ehemann Shniyah war, ist sie dem Yavam verboten und dem Ehemann gestattet. Wenn sie Shniyah war beiden ist sie beiden verboten. Sie hat keine Kethuba [Es sind die hundert und zweihundert, die das Prinzip der Kethuba sind, die sie nicht hat, aber sie hat den Zusatz], und sie hat keine Früchte [ Er bezahlt sie nicht für die Frucht ihres Nichsei-Melogs. Und obwohl die Rabbiner ihm Frucht für seine Verpflichtung zur Erlösung gewährt haben und er nicht verpflichtet ist, diese zu erlösen, befriedigt sie nicht: "Und ich werde verursachen du sollst bei mir als Frau wohnen " — so dass es den Anschein hat, als sollte er ihr das erstatten, was er von ihrem Nichsei-Melog gegessen hat —Dennoch bestraften die Rabbiner sie, keinen Anspruch auf die Frucht zu haben, die er als Bedingung der Kethuba aß, genauso wie sie sie bestraften, keinen Anspruch auf den Auftraggeber der Kethuba zu haben. Denn ein Zustand der Kethuba wird mit der Kethuba selbst verglichen.] Und sie hat keinen Lebensunterhalt [Es versteht sich von selbst, dass er sie nicht füttern muss, solange sie noch bei ihm ist, denn er ist verpflichtet, sie wegzuschicken. Aber selbst wenn er ins Ausland ging und sie sich etwas geliehen und gegessen hat, muss er nicht bezahlen. Denn bei einer kasherischen Frau ist der Ehemann zur Zahlung verpflichtet, wenn sie sich etwas geliehen und gegessen hat. Denn der Kreditgeber behauptet, was er ihr geliehen hat, und sie behauptet es von ihrem Ehemann. Denn nur wenn einer sie nicht als Leihgabe fütterte, sagen wir in Kethuvoth, dass die Halacha laut Chanan ist, der sagte, wenn einer ins Ausland ging und ein anderer seine Frau fütterte, hat er (letzterer) sein Geld "aufgelegt" ein Hirschhorn. " Denn seit er sie um ihres Mannes willen gefüttert und ihr nichts geliehen hat, von wem kann er die Zahlung verlangen? Sie lieh sich nichts aus und ihr Mann bat ihn nicht, sie zu füttern. Deshalb hat er eine Mizwa durchgeführt (aber er kann keinen Anspruch erheben). Wenn er sie geliehen hat und sie kasher ist, muss ihr Ehemann ihn zurückzahlen, aber wenn sie eine der Shniyoth ist, ist er nicht verpflichtet zu zahlen.] Und sie erhält keine Belaoth [Wenn der Ehemann ihren Nichsei-Melog verwendet hat, bis sie waren "abgenutzt" (balu), braucht er sie nicht zu erstatten. Denn wir könnten denken, da sie keine Kethuba hat, muss der Ehemann, wenn er ihren Nichsei-Melog gegessen hat, ihr das erstatten, was "abgenutzt" war; Wir werden daher darüber informiert, dass die Rabbiner sie bestraft haben, dass ihr Ehemann nicht belaoth bezahlt, sondern alles, was sie noch findet (von dem Nichsei-Melog), das sie nimmt], und das Kind (der Gewerkschaft) ist kasher, und wir zwingen ihn dazu schick sie weg. Eine Witwe eines Hohepriesters, eine Scheidung und eine Chaluzah eines regulären Priesters, ein Mamzereth und eine Nethinah eines Israeliten, die Tochter eines Israeliten eines Nathin oder eines Mamzers haben eine Kethuba. [Sie haben eine Kethuba und Früchte, der Ehemann bezahlt sie für die Früchte, die er von ihrem Nichsei-Melog gegessen hat. Und sie haben Nahrung, werden von seinem Eigentum gefüttert (aber erst nach seinem Tod. Während er lebt, ist er nicht gezwungen, sie zu füttern, denn er ist verpflichtet, sie wegzuschicken. Und wenn jemand ihr zu Lebzeiten ihres Mannes Essen geliehen hat, er braucht den Kredit nicht zurückzuzahlen.) Sie haben auch belaoth, der Ehemann ist verpflichtet, zurückzugeben, was er von ihrem nichsei Melog "abgenutzt" hat. Und dies ist nur, wenn er sie kannte (um eine Witwe zu sein usw.), aber wenn er sie nicht kannte, haben sie weder Kethuba, Frucht, Nahrung noch Belaoth. Aber sie haben den Zusatz und den Glauben, die bleiben. In Bezug auf die Shniyoth, die keine Kethuba, Frucht, Nahrung oder Belaoth haben, und eine Witwe für einen Hohepriester und eine Scheidung oder eine Chaluzah für einen regulären Priester, der sie hat—Dies liegt daran, dass die ersteren (nur) von den Schriftgelehrten verboten werden und eine Verstärkung (des Verbots) erfordern, während die letzteren von der Tora verboten werden und keine Verstärkung erfordern. Im Kapitel "Diese erhalten Streifen" wird gezeigt, dass eine Chalutzah für einen Hohepriester von der Tora verboten wird. Und obwohl eine Chalutzah für einen regulären Priester von den Schriftgelehrten verboten wird, wurde sie in dieser Hinsicht mit der von der Tora verbotenen verglichen.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
שניה לבעל ולא שניה ליבם – if the husband’s mother and not of the levir, such as for example, brothers from the father bu not from the mother.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
Introduction
In mishnah 2:4, we learned that there are secondary incest prohibitions that were instituted by the scribes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
אין לה כתובה – a Maneh (i.e., 100 Dinar or 25 shekels) and Two-Hundred, which are the essence of the Ketubah and she does not have [anything] from the secondary relationship (which are prohibited as incestuous by rabbinic decree), but she does have the supplement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
[Concerning] relatives of the second degree [of incest laws who are forbidden] by the words of the scribes: [A woman who is] a second degree of kinship to the husband but not a second degree of kinship to the yavam, is forbidden to the husband and permitted to the yavam; A woman could be a second degree of kinship to her husband but not to her yavam if she was the husband’s grandmother, and her husband had a brother with the same father but not the same mother. The mishnah teaches that although the marriage was forbidden, she may still have yibbum. This is because the prohibition of second degree kinship is only of rabbinic origin.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
ולא פירות – he doesn’t pay her the usufruct of the wife’s estate of which the husband has the fruition without responsibility for loss or deterioration that he consumed which are hers, [and even though] that the usufruct, the Rabbis instituted (see Talmud Ketubot 47b) [the duty of support as an equivalent for her handiwork], and that of redemption as an equivalent for the privilege of usufruct [of her property], but he is not liable to redeem her, for we do not call her ואותבינך לי לאינתו /and I will make you to be my wife, and therefore, it was appropriate that he would pay her what he had consumed from the usufruct of her estate, even so, the Rabbis fined her that she should not collect from him the usufruct that he consumed as conditions of the Ketubah. For just as they fined her that she should not collect from him the essence of the Ketubah, for the conditions of the Ketubah are like the Ketubah itself.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
[A woman who is] a second degree of kinship to the yavam but not a second degree of kinship to the husband is forbidden to the yavam and permitted to the husband; The same is true in the opposite case, if she is a second degree of kinship to her yavam but not to her husband. As we learned above in 2:3-4, in such a case she must have halitzah and not yibbum.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
ולא מזונות – it is not necessary to state that he is not obligated to support her while she is still under him, for but surely, it is his duty to divorce her (literally: “he stands under the charge to get up and make her go out” – how, then, could he be expected to maintain her? ). But rather, even if he went abroad and he and he lent her and consumed from her [property], he does not pay, for if we were dealing with a fit woman, if he borrowed from her and consumed from her [property], the husband would be obligated to pay [her back]. For the loan claims her what he lent to her and she makes a claim to her husband. And especially for someone who supported her not through the matter of a loan, we state in Ketubot (see Tractate Ketubot, Chapter 13, Mishnah 2) that the Halakha is like Hanan, as he stated: He who went overseas and someone went and supported his wife, he left his money on the horn of a deer for since it was for her support from her husband, and he did not lend her anything – whom can he make a claim? She did not borrow and he husband did not request from him that he should support her, therefore, it was Mitzvah that he did, but if he lent her, the husband is liable to pay if she is fit, and if she is from one of the relationships of the second degree (i.e., of the second generation), he is not liable to pay.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
[A woman who is] a second degree of kinship to the one and to the other is forbidden to the one as well as to the other. If she was a second degree to both, she is forbidden to both.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
ולא בלאות – if the husband used her usufruct until they wore out, he is not liable to pay for you might think I would say, for since she lacks a Ketubah, but the husband ate from her usufruct, he is liable to pay what was lost and worn out, it comes to tell us that the Rabbis fined her so that the husband would not pay for worn clothes (i.e.., and indemnity for clothes which have completely worn out), but what he finds from them existing, she takes them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
She cannot claim her ketubah or usufruct or support money, or her worn clothes. The child is fit [to marry a priest], but the husband is compelled to divorce her. If a couple transgressed the rabbinic prohibition and the man married a woman who was a second degree of kinship, there are serious economic consequences for the woman. The woman does not receive her ketubah (marriage payment), nor does she receive in return the usufruct, meaning the profit that the husband accrued from the use of her property while they were married. She does not receive support (food, clothing or shelter), nor does she receive in return the reduction in the value of her things that he has used while married. However, the status of the child is not effected, since the level of prohibition was only derabbanan. He is forced to divorce her. In summary, the consequences of this forbidden marriage are mostly economic and they are mostly upon the woman.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot
אלמנה לכהן גדול וכו' – they have a Ketubah and usufruct and the husband pays them (i.e., his wives) for the usufruct that he ate from his wive’s estates of which the husband has fruition without responsibility for loss or deterioration and food that they have as they are supported from his property [and especially after] [his] death. But during his lifetime, we don’t force him to support/feed them for we uphold regarding him that it is his duty to divorce her (i.e., literally, he stands under (the charge) to get up and make her go out) and if one of them borrowed her support during the life of her husband, the husband is not liable to pay the lender. And worn out clothing also, there are those who state that he is liable to restore what was worn out and lost from their usufruct, and these words, are when he recognized them, but if he did not recognize them, they have neither a Ketubah, nor usufruct, nor support, nor worn-out clothing, but they do have the supplement and the worn-out clothing that they have in their sight. But second-degree relations do not have a Ketubah, nor usufruct, nor support nor worn-out clothing and a widow [married to] a High Priest, a divorcee and/or a woman who had Halitzah performed to a standard Kohen, ,etc., they have a Ketubah, and usufruct and support and worn out clothing, because these things are from the words of the Scribes and require strengthening. And in the [third chapter of Tractate Makkot}: “Who are they who are flogged?” it is proven that the prohibition of a woman who had undergone Halitzah [is prohibited] to a [High] Priest from the Torah, and even though that [the prohibition] of a woman who had undergone Halitzah [who is married] to a regular Kohen is from the worlds of the Scribes, they made it of Torah law for this law.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot
A widow who was married to a high priest, a divorcee or halutzah who was married to an ordinary priest, a mamzer or a netinah who was married to an Israelite, or the daughter of an Israelite who was married to a natin or a mamzer is entitled to her ketubah. The mishnah now contrasts this type of forbidden marriage, with a marriage that was forbidden according to Torah law, but that was nevertheless an effective marriage. That is to say if a man betrothed one of these women, he has transgressed the prohibition, but she still requires a divorce. In all of these cases the woman receives her ketubah and all of the other rights listed in the mishnah. In the comparison of these two sections, we see that the consequences of marrying a second degree of kinship which is only a rabbinic prohibition are more serious than those of marrying one who is biblically prohibited. The reason is that a rabbinic prohibition needs the extra “strengthening” while the biblical prohibition does not.
