Kommentar zu Yevamot 16:1

הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהָלַךְ בַּעְלָהּ וְצָרָתָהּ לִמְדִינַת הַיָּם, וּבָאוּ וְאָמְרוּ לָהּ מֵת בַּעְלֵךְ, לֹא תִנָּשֵׂא וְלֹא תִתְיַבֵּם, עַד שֶׁתֵּדַע שֶׁמָּא מְעֻבֶּרֶת הִיא צָרָתָהּ. הָיְתָה לָהּ חָמוֹת, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. יָצְתָה מְלֵאָה חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, אֵינָהּ חוֹשֶׁשֶׁת:

Wenn der Ehemann einer Frau und ihre Zara ins Ausland gingen und sie kamen und zu ihr sagten: Ihr Ehemann ist gestorben, darf sie nicht wieder heiraten [(da ihr Ehemann ohne Kinder gegangen war)], und sie darf nicht in Yibum aufgenommen werden, bis sie das weiß Ihre Zara war nicht schwanger gewesen, damit ihre Zara nicht geboren wurde. Und wenn man fragen würde, lassen Sie sie Chalitzah bekommen und lassen Sie sie dann "auf den Markt" heiraten, wie auch immer—Die Gemara antwortet: Eine Chalutzah ist für das Priestertum ungeeignet, und wenn ihr Chalitzah gegeben würde und dann festgestellt würde, dass ihre Zara ein "überlebendes" Kind geboren hatte und dass die Chalitzah bedeutungslos war, müsste sie als Kasher für die Priestertum proklamiert werden Priestertum, das durch diese Chalitzah nicht unfähig gemacht wurde. Und wenn man bei der Chalitzah anwesend gewesen wäre, aber nicht bei der "Aufhebungs" -Proklamation, und sie danach mit einem Cohein verheiratet gesehen hätte, würde er sagen, dass eine Chalutzah einem Cohein erlaubt ist.] Wenn sie eine Schwiegermutter hätte [im Ausland] braucht sie keine Angst zu haben [dass ihr ein Yavam "gegeben" wurde. Obwohl wir oben befürchten, dass ihre Zara geboren werden könnte, liegt das daran, dass alles, was sie trug, männlich oder weiblich, sie vom Yibum befreien würde; Aber was die Schwiegermutter betrifft, wo selbst wenn sie gebären würde, die erste nur dann mit Yibum verbunden ist, wenn sie einen Sohn geboren hat, haben wir die Möglichkeit, dass sie eine Fehlgeburt hat, oder (selbst wenn wir annehmen, dass sie eine hatte) keine Fehlgeburt,) dass sie eine Frau geboren haben könnte.] Wenn sie (die Schwiegermutter) "voll" (dh schwanger) ausgegangen ist, befürchtet sie [dass ihr ein Yavam gegeben worden sein könnte]. R. Yehoshua sagt: Sie hat keine Angst. [Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit R. Yehoshua überein.]

Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot

האשה. לא תנשא – since her husband went [abroad] without children.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot

Introduction This mishnah deals with a woman whose husband died abroad and she is not sure whether or not she is obligated to have yibbum with his brother.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot

ולא תתיבם – for perhaps her rival/associate wife gave birth, and if she should say, perform the ritual of removing the shoe of the brother-in-law who refuses to perform levirate marriage, and afterwards marry whomever you want in the world whichever way you turn. They answered in the Gemara (Tractate Yevamot 119b) because a woman whose husband died without children who has performed the rite of Halitzah with a brother of the deceased is disqualified of [marrying into] the priesthood and if she should perform the rite of Halitzah and it is found afterward that her rival/associate wife gave birth to a living child, her Halitzah is not anything, they need to announce concerning her that she is fit for the priesthood, and was not disqualified on account of that rite of ahalitzah. And whomever that it is found at the time of her Halitzah, and is not found at the time where they announced about the Halitzah, it is nothing and she is not disqualified from the priesthood through her and when he sees her afterwards married to a Kohen, he would say that a woman who had performed the rite of Halitzah is permitted to a Kohen.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot

A woman whose husband and rival wife went to a country beyond the sea, and to whom people came and said, “your husband is dead”, must neither marry nor contract yibbum until she has ascertained whether her rival wife is pregnant. In this case, the husband and a rival wife went abroad, and at that time the husband had no children. Although the wife who remained behind is certain that her husband is dead, she does not know whether she is liable for yibbum, because she doesn’t know if her rival wife had children while abroad. Therefore she cannot remarry.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot

היתה לה חמות – abroad.

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English Explanation of Mishnah Yevamot

If she had a mother-in-law she need not be concerned [she had another son]. But if [the mother-in-law] departed while pregnant she must be concerned [that another son was born.
Rabbi Joshua says: she need not be concerned. If the husband traveled abroad and at that time he had no brothers, his wife need not be concerned lest her mother-in-law gave birth to a child before her husband died. Perhaps this is because it is uncommon for a woman to give birth to another child after her older child is already married. Furthermore, even if the mother-in-law gave birth, only a male child will make the wife liable for yibbum. This distinguishes this case from the case in section where a child of other sex will exempt the wife from yibbum, and therefore we are concerned lest she be exempt. If, however, the mother-in-law was pregnant when she traveled, the daughter must be concerned, lest she gave birth to a male child. The wife must wait until she is certain that her mother-in-law did not have a boy. Rabbi Judah holds that in this case as well, the wife need not be concerned and may remarry immediately. This is because there are “two doubts”. The mother-in-law may have miscarried (as older women often do), and even if she gave birth to a viable child, the child might be female. In cases of “two doubts”, the halakhah is generally more lenient.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot

אינה חוששת – perhaps she had been given a levir even though we suspect above lest her rival wife had given birth whether to a male or a female, he exempts her to this one who is performing the duty of levirate marriage but her mother-in-law, if she also gave birth, she would not be needed for her for this one but if she had given birth to male, it is possible to state that perhaps she aborted, and if you can assume that she did not abort, perhaps it was a girl.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot

יצתה מלאה – pregnant.

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Bartenura on Mishnah Yevamot

חוששת – perhaps she had been given a levir. But the Halakha not according to Rabbi Yehoshua who said that she does not have to worry/scruple [concerning her].

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