Kommentar zu Terumot 1:3
קָטָן שֶׁלֹּא הֵבִיא שְׁתֵּי שְׂעָרוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אִם עַד שֶׁלֹּא בָא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, אֵין תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה. וּמִשֶׁבָּא לְעוֹנַת נְדָרִים, תְּרוּמָתוֹ תְרוּמָה:
In Bezug auf einen Minderjährigen, der nicht zwei [Scham-] Haare hervorgebracht hat, sagt Rabbi Yehudah, dass seine Terumah [gültige] Terumah ist . Rabbi Yosi sagt, wenn er kein Alter der [Verantwortung für seine] Gelübde erreicht hat, ist seine Terumah keine [gültige] Terumah . Als er ein Alter erreicht hat [die Verantwortung für seine] Gelübde, seine Terumah ist [gültig] Terumah .
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
רבי יהודה אומר: תרומתו תרומה – de facto, for Rabbi Yehuda does not [hold] by this interpretation of מאת כל איש/”from every person” (Exodus 25:2) -except for a minor.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
This mishnah brings in a debate with regard to terumah separated by a minor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
עד שלא בא לעונת נדרים – A male at the age of twelve years and one day and a female at the age of eleven years and one day, and from that period onward, if he donated the Terumah/the sacred heave-offering (2% gift to the Kohen), what he set aside is Terumah. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yosi.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
A minor who has not yet produced two [pubic] hairs: Rabbi Judah says: his terumah is terumah. According to mishnah one above, the terumah separated by a minor is not terumah. Rabbi Judah disagrees. One sign of a child having reached majority age is the appearance of pubic hair. The rabbis usually say that the appearance of two hairs is a sign of puberty. Rabbi Judah holds that with regard to terumah, even if two hairs have not yet appeared, the terumah separated by a minor still counts as terumah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Rabbi Yose says: if he has not arrived at the age when his vows are valid, his terumah is not terumah, but if he has arrived at an age where his vows are valid, his terumah is terumah. According to Rabbi Yose, the ability of a minor to separate terumah depends upon his ability to take a vow. If the child is old enough such that his vows are valid, then his terumah is terumah. For a boy this is at 12 and for a girl this is at 11. At this age the child is assumed to be able to grasp the meaning of vows, and so too, the child is assumed to be able to understand the consequences of declaring something to be terumah.
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