Wenn man [Trauben zum Pressen in die Wanne nimmt] aus einem Korb oder aus einem Bereich auf dem Boden, der zum Ausbreiten vorgesehen ist, sagt Beit Shammai: Er muss sie mit reinen Händen nehmen, und wenn er sie mit unreinen Händen nimmt, die er gerendert hat sie unrein. Beit Hillel sagt: Er kann sie mit unreinen Händen nehmen, und er trennt seine Terumah in Reinheit von ihnen. Wenn [man die Trauben in den Bottich bringt] aus dem großen Korb [in den die Trauben geerntet werden, bevor sie zur Weinpresse gebracht werden] oder aus einem mit Blättern bedeckten Bereich, in dem sie ausgebreitet werden sollen, sind sich alle einig, dass er muss nimm sie mit reinen Händen, und wenn er sie mit unreinen Händen nahm, hat er sie unrein gemacht.
Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
הנותן מן הסלים ומן המשטיח של אדמה (he who puts in the press grapes collected in baskets or as such as were spread on the ground) – grapes that were cut from the beginning for consumption and were not fit to be susceptible to receive ritual defilement, for they (i.e., the Rabbis) did not decree other on the person who cut the grapes from the beginning to [bring them to] the vat for wine-pressing and afterwards changed his mind regarding them and took them from the baskets or from the ground that he had spread the grapes upon them and placed them in the vat for wine-pressing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
One who puts his grapes [into the wine-press] from the baskets or from what was spread out on the ground: Bet Shammai says: he must put them in with clean hands, and if he puts them in with unclean hands he defiles them. Bet Hillel says: he may put them in with unclean hands and then he may set aside his terumah in a condition of cleanness. Someone wants to take grapes out of either a basket or from the ground and putting them into the wine press. According to Bet Shammai, he must first purify his hands, for if he touches the liquid that is exuded from the grapes with unclean hands, he will defile them. Bet Hillel says that the liquid that comes out at this point does not render the grapes susceptible because this liquid is not something he wishes to preserve. The baskets and the ground will just let the liquid seep through. Therefore, the grapes are not susceptible to impurity. When he goes to separate terumah from the wine in the winepress, only then must be make sure he is pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
בית שמאי אומרים נותן בידים טהורות – since he came to placed them in the vat for wine-pressing, he is as if he cut them from the beginning [to bring them] to the vat for wine-pressing, and he needs to bring them to the vat for wine-pressing in ritual purity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Tahorot
[If they are taken] from the grape-pot or from what was spread out on leaves, all agree that they must be put in with clean hands, and if they are put in with unclean hands they become unclean. Both houses agree that if he takes the grapes out of a special pot made to hold grapes or off of leaves on the ground, that he must be pure. In this case, the liquid is preserved (the leaves serve to prevent the liquid for being wasted into the ground), and therefore this is liquid that he wants. In this case, the liquid makes the grapes susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ואם נתן בידים טמאות טמאן – but even though mere hands are second-degree [of ritual impurity], and nothing that is second-degree [of ritual impurity] can make something third-degree [of ritual impurity] with non-consecrated produce, perhaps they thought that what is ritually immersed for heave-offering is like heave-offering itself, alternatively, we are dealing with hands that first-degree [of ritual impurity]. And this is the opinion of Rabbi Shimon ben Eleazar as it is brought in the second chapter of [Tractate] Hullin [folio 33b].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
ובית הלל אומרים נותן לגת בידים טמאות ומפריש תרומתו בטהרוה – because they were not fitted for Levitical uncleanness since they were cut from the outset for consumption.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Tahorot
מן העביט ומן המשטיח של עלים (from the large basket, strapped on the carrier’s back, in which the grapes are carried during the vintage and/or from the grapes spread out on leaves) – the עביט is a vessel that they place the grapes in it that they cut to bring to the vat for wine-pressing. And the grapes spread out on leaves on the face of the ground, and now the matter is proven that the person who cuts these grapes from the outset, he cut them for the vat for wine-pressing and not for consumption, therefore, the School of Shammai and the School of Hillel are in agreement in this that one brings them with ritually pure hands, for this that [the School of] Hillel is silent in the first chapter of [Tractate] Shabbat (Mishnah 4) and agrees him with the person who cuts grapes for wine-pressing in the vat is fitted for Levitical uncleanness.
