R. Eliezer sagt: Der Mashmereth [der Weinhefe filtert] kann auf einem Fest suspendiert werden. [Es wird in einem Kreis über ein Gefäß gelehrt. Und obwohl es ein Zelt bildet, ist dies auf einem Festival erlaubt. R. Eliezer ist der Ansicht, dass die Verarbeitung von Lebensmitteln, die am Vorabend eines Festivals hätte erfolgen können, (dennoch) auf dem Festival erfolgen kann. Aber am Schabbat darf er es nicht von Anfang an aussetzen.] Und sie dürfen am Schabbat in eine suspendierte versetzt werden. [Wenn es bereits suspendiert war, ist es erlaubt, Weinhefe zur Filtration darauf zu legen, da dies nicht die übliche Art des Bohrens (Auswahl) ist.] Und die Weisen sagen: Die Mashmereth dürfen nicht auf einem Fest suspendiert werden, [z er baut damit ein provisorisches Zelt, das den Eindruck weltlicher Aktivität erweckt. Und sie dürfen am Schabbat nicht in eine Schwebe gelegt werden, [dies ist eine Erzählung von Bohrer oder Meraked (Sieben). Die Halacha entspricht den Weisen.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
רבי אליעזר אומר: תולין את המשמרת – they filter in it the sediment of the wine and stretch/extend its mouth over the entire side in a circle and it makes a “tent” over the hollow/cavity of the utensil but even though he made a “tent,” it is permissible on Jewish holy days, for Rabbi Eliezer holds that acts preliminary to the preparation of food where it is possible to do them from the eve of the Jewish holy day, it is permitted to do them on the Jewish holy day, but on the Sabbath, ab initio, he may not suspend [a strainer] , but if it is [already] suspended, he may place into it the sediments, and stretch it for this is not the manner of "בורר"/sifting (which is one of the primary forms of labor prohibited on the Sabbath).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
This mishnah deals with pouring wine through a strainer on festivals and Shabbat. They would suspend or sort of stretch the strainer over the mouth of a vessel and the unstrained wine would be poured through it.
In order to understand the mishnah we must remember that on festivals food may be prepared, even if this requires a labor normally prohibited such as slaughtering an animal or cooking a dish. The issue discussed here is can one prepare vessels with which to prepare food if these vessels could have been done prepared before the festival.
On Shabbat there are two issues involved in this mishnah: 1) the preparation of food; 2) the making of a vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אין תולין את המשמרת - for he is making a temporary tent and it appears like an act of the weekdays.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
R. Eliezer says: one may suspend a strainer on festivals, and pour [wine] through a suspended [strainer] on Shabbat. According to Rabbi Eliezer, even though she could have set up the strainer the day before the festival, since the strainer is set up in order to prepare food, which is permitted on festivals, she may also suspend it on top of the vessel on the festival itself. She obviously may pour wine through it. On Shabbat, she cannot suspend the strainer for this is considered similar to making a tent, because she is placing the strainer on top of the vessel. However, Rabbi Eliezer holds that it is permitted to pour the wine through the strainer if it is already suspended and this is not considered an act of “selecting” (see 7:2). “Selecting” is separating the pebbles from the kernels and this is not similar enough to be forbidden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ואין נותנין לתלויה בשבת – for it is a derivative of "בורר"/sifting or "מרקד" /shaking in the sieve, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
But the sages say: one may not suspend a strainer on festivals, nor pour [wine] through a suspended [strainer] on Shabbat, but one may pour [it] through a suspended [strainer] on festivals. The sages disagree with Rabbi Eliezer on both issues. Since she could have prepared the strainer before the festival, it is forbidden to do so on the festival itself. This is the same opinion as Rabbi Akiva’s in 19:1 vessels which can be prepared before Shabbat or a festival cannot be prepared on Shabbat or a festival. Secondly, the sages hold that pouring the wine over the strainer is an act similar enough to “selecting” that it is prohibited on Shabbat. This is only permitted on festivals since on festivals food preparation is permitted.
