Das (Fleisch des) Pesach-Opfers wird vor Einbruch der Dunkelheit (am Sabbatabend) in den Ofen gesenkt. [Die Münder ihrer Öfen waren oben, und sie würden den Braten in sie senken. Und obwohl dies normalerweise nicht getan wird, wie oben erwähnt, ist es hier erlaubt, denn die Männer der Gesellschaft (die das Opfer teilen) sind eifrig und erinnern sich gegenseitig, damit sie nicht kommen, um die Kohlen zu rühren.] Und die Das Feuer des Holzhaufens des Beth Hamoked kann gefüttert werden [ein wenig, ohne Angst zu haben, dass die Cohanim es nach Einbruch der Dunkelheit anzünden könnten, denn Cohanim sind eifrig. ("Beth-Hamoked" :) In der Azarah (dem Tempelhof) gab es eine große Zelle, in der ständig ein Holzstapel brannte. Und die Cohanim würden sich dort wärmen, denn sie gingen barfuß auf einem Marmorboden.] Und an den Grenzen (dh außerhalb des Tempels), bis sich das Feuer in den meisten Fällen verfängt. [Man muss seinen Holzstapel entzünden, solange noch genug Zeit ist, bis es dunkel wird, damit das Feuer das meiste davon fängt. Wie viel ist das? So viel es braucht, bis die Flamme ohne die Hilfe von Spänen an ihrer Basis von selbst aufsteigt.] R. Yehudah sagt: Mit Holzkohle ist jede Menge (ausreichend). [Genau wie beim Holzstapel des Beth-Hamoked wurde bei den Cohanim die Nachsicht ausgeübt, ebenso wie bei einem mit Holzkohle gefütterten Feuer die Nachsicht bei allen Menschen ausgeübt wird. Das Feuer muss sich nur leicht verfangen, denn es geht nicht aus und er wird nicht kommen, um die Kohlen zu rühren. Die Halacha stimmt mit R. Yehudah überein, da es niemanden gibt, der sich von ihm unterscheidet.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
משלשלין את הפסוח – their ovens have their mouths above and they lower the roasted [Passover offering] into it, and for that reason, it [i.e., the Mishnah] teaches, משלשלין /they lower/let down.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction This mishnah continues to discuss lighting fires in ovens on Friday so that they will stay lit over Shabbat. Since the prohibition of putting something into an oven on Friday was only “derabbanan”—of rabbinic origin—and intended to prevent a person from committing a transgression of biblical law, there are cases where this prohibition may be suspended. This is generally the case with rabbinic law—it is more flexible than toraitic law.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
עם חשיכה – and even though generally, we do not roast it, as we have stated, here it is permitted, for the members of the group are zealous and they remind each other [that today is Shabbat] and they don’t come to stir the coals.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
The passover sacrifice may be lowered into the oven just before nightfall; In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that one is not allowed to put meat into an oven on Friday unless it will already be cooked before Shabbat begins. Today’s mishnah relates an exception to this rule: the Passover sacrifice. The reason that one is not allowed to put meat into an oven is that we are concerned lest on Shabbat itself she come to rake the coals in order to speed up the cooking, which is prohibited on Shabbat. However, in this case, since people eat the passover sacrifice in a group setting, we are not concerned that one of them will rake the coals, because others will stop her. These people are engaged in fulfilling a commandment and it is unlikely that they would transgress a commandment at this time. In addition, because of the quantity of people who had to sacrifice their passover sacrifices, not everybody could roast theirs before the Shabbat began. Hence the usual restrictions did not apply.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ומאחיזין את האור – [they ignite with kindling wood] a bit, with the pile of wood of the House of the Hearth (see Mishnah Tamid, Chapter 1, Mishnah 12), and we don’t suspect lest the Kohanim will come to start a fire once it gets dark, since the Kohanim are zealous.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
And the fire may be lighted in the fireplace of the Chamber of the Hearth. The Chamber of the Hearth was where the fire was kept constantly lit in the Temple. The priests would gather around there to keep warm. Hence, they could add to the fire there on Friday without fear that someone would stoke the fire, since the priests would make sure that would not happen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
בית המוקד – a large chamber in the [Temple] courtyard where they would always start a fire with wood and the Kohanim would warm themselves there, since they walk barefoot on the alabaster floor.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
But in the provinces there must be time for the fire to take hold of its greater part. Outside of the Temple it is forbidden to light a fire on Friday unless it the fire has time to take hold before the Shabbat. Small fires need to be stoked, and therefore the fire must be fully lit before Shabbat begins.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ובגבולין – a person needs to start a fire with his wood while it is still daylight (i.e., on Friday), in order that it catches the majority of the wood, and that the flame will go up on its own and does not need thin chips underneath it to flame the fire.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Judah says: in the case of charcoal, just a little [is sufficient]. Rabbi Judah adds in a leniency concerning lighting coals on Friday. Once coals are lit, they will stay lit and therefore there is little fear that he will stoke them. Hence it is permitted to light them on Friday afternoon as long as they will be at least a little bit lit before Shabbat begins.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
אף בפחמים כל שהוא – just as in the fire of the House of the Hearth, we are lenient in the House of the Hearth for the Kohanim, similarly, in a fire of charcoals, we are lenient for all people, and there is no need for anything other than any quantity that catches fire, for it is not accustomed to be extinguished and it continues and no one comes to stir it. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda for there is no one who disputes him.
