Diese sollen auf Pesach ["aus der Welt"] entfernt werden [Denn obwohl man wegen ihnen nicht bal yeraeh übertritt, haben die Rabbiner angeordnet, dass sie entfernt werden sollen. Wie unten angegeben (3: 5): "Siur (teilweise fermentierter Teig) muss verbrannt werden, obwohl einer, der ihn isst, nicht haftet."], Kutach habavli [hergestellt aus schimmeligem Brot und Milch, in die sie Lebensmittel eintauchen würden] , shechar hamadi [Bier, das sie in Madai aus in Wasser getränktem Weizen oder Gerste herstellen würden], chometz ha'adomi [in Edom hergestellter Essig, aus in Wein eingelegter und dort belassener Gerste], zitom hamitzri [ein Drittel Gerste] , ein Drittel wilder Safran, ein Drittel Salz, zu Heilzwecken hergestellt. Bis zu diesem Punkt (es wurden aufgezählt) Sorten von Chametz, die zum Essen in Ta'aroveth (Beimischung) geeignet sind. Von diesem Zeitpunkt an gehärtetes Chametz an sich], das Zoma der Färber [Wasser, in das Kleiemehl gegeben wird und das die Färber für ihre Arbeit verwenden], das Amil der Köche [ein Laib aus Getreidemehl von weniger als einem - Drittel gereift, zum Abdecken von Töpfen zur Absorption von Dämpfen verwendet] und der Kolan von Schriftgelehrten [mit Wasser gekneteter Mühlenboden, der von Schriftgelehrten zum Kleben ihrer Papiere verwendet wird]. R. Eliezer sagt: Auch die Schmuckstücke von Frauen (tachshitei nashim). [R. Eliezer fügt hiermit (zu den Kategorien) hinzu. Zum ersten zählt tanna nur absolutes Kornchametz in Beimischung oder gehärtetes Chametz an sich auf. Und R. Eliezer fügt sogar Tachshitei Nashim hinzu, das gehärtetes Chametz in Mischung mit anderen Zutaten ist. Die Gemara fragt: "Tachshitei nashim"? (dh, was haben Verzierungen mit Chametz zu tun? Und es antwortet :) "Sagen Sie lieber: 'tifulei nashim'", die Mahlzeit, die Frauen mit anderen Kräutern auf ihre Haut auftragen (Tofloth), um Haare zu entfernen oder um sie aufzuhellen und zu glätten die Haut. Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit R. Eliezer überein.] Dies ist die Regel: Was auch immer von einer Getreidesorte ist, muss auf Pesach entfernt werden [wenn es sich um eine der fünf mit Wasser vermischten Sorten handelt. Denn wenn es kein Wasser gibt, sondern nur Fruchtsaft, lautet die Regel, dass Fruchtsaft kein Chametz produziert.], Sie werden in der Ermahnung zusammengefasst [dh wenn man sie isst, übertritt er ein negatives Gebot], und sie unterliegen nicht zu Kareth. [Denn nur komplettes Chametz unterliegt Kareth und keiner Beimischung. Aber er erhält Streifen, wenn er eine olivgroße Chametz in einer Beimischung in der Zeit isst, die zum Essen eines P'ras (eines halben Laibs) benötigt wird, und wenn er dies nicht tut, erhält er keine Streifen nach dem Tora-Gesetz. Es gibt jedoch ein Verbot, wobei jede Menge einer Beimischung von Chametz auf Pesach verboten ist.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
אלו עוברין – these are removed from the world, for even though these do not violate on (Exodus 13:7): “no leaven shall be found (literally – “seen”) [in all your territory,, from the Rabbis however, it requires removal. And that which is taught further on (see Mishnah 5) that “dough beginning to ferment is to be burned,” and even though “that the one who eats it is exempt.”
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
This mishnah provides two lists: one of food items which have small amounts of chametz mixed into them, and the other a list of non-food items which are made from dough. It is forbidden to eat or to possess any of the things on this list. However, one who does so is not subject to the full punishment of “karet” (extirpation), the punishment given for eating plain, non-mixed and edible chametz on Pesah (see Exodus 12:15). The reason that the punishment is less is that these are either not fully chametz but rather mixtures, or if they are fully chametz they are not generally edible or considered to be food.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
Babylonian kutah - it's made from moldy bread and milk. They would dip foods into it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
These must be removed on Pesah: Babylonian kutah, Medean beer, Idumean vinegar, Egyptian zitom, Babylonian kutah is a mixture of curds, crumbs and salt. Medean beer (the word in Hebrew for beer just means a strong drink) has barley in it, as does Idumean vinegar and Egyptian zitom (another strong drink). All of these things are foods which must be removed from one’s possession before Pesach because they contain in them grains which have turned into chametz. It is curious to me that the mishnah lists only foreign products. Indeed, these are four of the empires that ruled over Israel: Babylonia, Medea (Persia), Edom (Rome) and Egypt. However, Greece usually appears in this list and Egypt does not.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שכר המדי – liquor that they would make in Media from wheat or barley steeped in water.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
The dyer’s pulp, cook’s dough, and the scribes’ paste. Dyer’s broth has bran in it, probably as a thickener. Cook’s dough is dough that is used to soak up the extra, dirty liquid from cooking pots. Scribe’s paste was used to glue parts of parchments together. None of these three things is intended to be used as food and indeed they all probably taste terrible. Nevertheless, since they all do have chametz in them they must be removed before Pesach.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וחומץ האדומי – vinegar that is made in the land of Edom, where they put barley [in wine] and let them stand until they ferment.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Rabbi Eliezer says: women’s ornaments too. Rabbi Eliezer adds women’s ornaments, which are made with mixtures of chametz. The Talmud understands this as referring to various salves and not to jewelry.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וזיתום המצרי – one-third barley and one third (of the mixture) of safflower which is the desert saffron and it is called in Arabic “Kartom” and one third salt and it is made for medicinal purposes. Until here, it is leaven that is fit for eating via a mixture. From here and onwards it is a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition unfit for food (Pesahim 43a).
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
This is the general rule: whatever is of a species of grain must be removed on Pesah. These are subject to a warning but they do not involve karet. The mishnah now provides two general rules, rules which I explained in my introduction. The first is that anything that has in it grain, even if that grain is only in a mixture with other non-grain items, must be removed from one’s possession on Pesah. The second one is that one is not liable for karet for eating or possessing things that are not fully chametz i.e. foods which are not in a mixture with other things. However, they are still prohibited.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וזומן של צבעים – water which one puts into it bran-flour/four of the the second course. And we use the dye for their work.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ועמילן של טבחים – [bread] which we make from flour of grain that did not bring up one-third of its ripening process , and with it we cover the pot to absorb the evil smell.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
וקולן של סופרים – the dust of the millstone which we knead with water and the scribes glue their papers to it.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
רבי אליעזר – adds, for the first Tanna whereas does not have this other than completely grain leavened products via a mixture or a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition [which is unfit for food]. But Rabbi Eliezer adds even women’s makeup which is a spoiled leavened substance in its natural condition [which is unfit for food] via a mixture of ingredients of frankincense (or artist’s materials). And in the Gemara (Pesahim 43a), Do you think that women’s makeup [only]? But rather, I would say, even women’s plaster, sifted fine flour that women attach and combine on their skin with other artist’s materials/frankincense to remove the hair or to whiten it and to make the skin finer. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Eliezer.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
כל שהוא מן דגן – from the five species [of grain], and they have water mixed in, for if there is not water in them but only fruit juice, we hold that fruit juices do not ferment.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
הרי אל באזהרה – if he at them, he violates a negative commandment.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ואין בהם כרת – for on complete leaven he is punished by extirpation, fur he is not punished with extirpation on a mixture. But he is flogged on eating it if he ate an olive’s bulk of leaven in the mixture in order to eat within a certain time a piece of wheat bread (see Mishnah Negaim, Chapter 8, Mishnah 9 – roughly equivalent to a half-a-loaf -see Tosefta Negaim Chapter 7, Halakha 10). But if he at an olive’s worth of leaven without a mixture in the time that it takes to eat piece of wheat bread is not flogged according to the Torah. However, at least, there is a prohibition for Hametz on Passover is forbidden in a mixture in any amount.
