Kommentar zu Peah 4:10
אֵיזֶהוּ לֶקֶט, הַנּוֹשֵׁר בִּשְׁעַת הַקְּצִירָה. הָיָה קוֹצֵר, קָצַר מְלֹא יָדוֹ, תָּלַשׁ מְלֹא קֻמְצוֹ, הִכָּהוּ קוֹץ וְנָפַל מִיָּדוֹ לָאָרֶץ, הֲרֵי הוּא שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבָּיִת. תּוֹךְ הַיָּד וְתוֹךְ הַמַּגָּל, לָעֲנִיִּים. אַחַר הַיָּד וְאַחַר הַמַּגָּל, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת. רֹאשׁ הַיָּד וְרֹאשׁ הַמַּגָּל, רַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל אוֹמֵר, לָעֲנִיִּים. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, לְבַעַל הַבָּיִת:
Was ist Leket ? Das, was zum Zeitpunkt der Ernte fällt. Wenn er erntete und eine Handvoll erntete oder eine Handvoll pflückte und ein Dorn ihn stach und [die Handvoll oder Handvoll] von seiner Hand auf die Erde fällt, siehe, es gehört dem Eigentümer. [Wenn es fiel] aus seiner Hand oder aus der Sense [Klinge, es gehört] den Armen. [Wenn von] außerhalb seiner Hand oder der Rückseite der Sense, gehört es dem Eigentümer. [Wenn es ist] von der Spitze der Hand oder der Spitze der Sense, sagt Rabbi Yishmael: Es ist für die Armen; Rabbi Akiva sagt: Es ist für den Eigentümer.
Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הנושר בשעת הקצירה – ears of corn that fall at the time of harvesting.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
Introduction
Having finished discussing peah, the mishnah proceeds to discuss “gleanings” or “leket,” one of the other agricultural gifts given to the poor. Gleanings are mentioned in Leviticus 19:9-10, and 23:22.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
הכהו קוץ – whenever it falls on account of an accident, it is not gleaning, as it is written (Leviticus 19:9): “or gather the gleanings of your harvest,” there is no cleaning other that on account of harvesting.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
What are gleanings? That which falls down at the time of harvesting. “Gleanings” are produce that falls during the time of harvesting. The owner is not allowed to go back and claim that which falls, but rather he must give it to the poor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
תוך היד – it refers to falling, that is, if it is within the hand and it falls [or] within the sickle and it falls, for that which falls from one’s hand and from the sickle is for the poor, but if it falls from the back of the hand [or] from the shaking of the hand,a nd from the back of the sickle from the power of the movement of the sickle, it belongs to the owner, and this not through the [act of] harvesting.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
If while he was harvesting, he harvested a handful, or plucked a fistful, and then a thorn pricked him, and what he had in his hand fell to the ground, it still belongs to the owner. The mishnah now goes on to define what it means to “fall down.” There are going to be several limiting definitions in this mishnah. First of all, if he harvests the grain and grabs it in his hand and then a thorn causes him to drop that which he had just harvested, then that which is dropped does not belong to the poor. The reason is that this didn’t fall during the harvest but after the harvest had already been completed. Once it is securely his hand he has harvested it and if he subsequently drops it, it does not belong to the poor.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
ראש היד when his hand is full and here are ears of corn between the tops of his fingers and the palm of his hand, when it falls from there, and similarly when it falls from the top of the sickle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
[That which drops from] inside the hand or the sickle [belongs] to the poor, but [that which falls from] the back of the hand or the sickle [belongs] to the owner. If he was harvesting by hand and as he plucked the stalk, it fell from his hand, or if he was harvesting with a sickle and the stalks of grain fell from the sickle before he got them into his hand, the stalks belong to the poor because they fell while being harvested. If, however, while harvesting, a stalk hits the back of his hand or the back of the sickle and falls to the ground, it still belongs to the owner because this stalk did not fall while he was intending to harvest and neither did it fall during harvesting.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
רבי ישמעאל אומר לעניים – it is compared to within one’s hand and within the sickle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Peah
[That which falls from] the top of the hand or sickle: Rabbi Ishmael says: to the poor; But Rabbi Akiva says: to the owner. Rabbi Ishmael and Rabbi Akiva debate whether a stalk that falls because it struck the top of the hand or the top of the sickle is like one that falls from inside the hand or the front of the sickle, in which case it belongs to the poor, or from the back of the hand or sickle, in which case it still belongs to the owner. Rabbi Ishmael says it belongs to the poor and Rabbi Akiva says it belongs to the owner.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Peah
ורבי עקיבא אומר לבעל הבית – that it is compared to the back of he hand and the back of the sickle. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Akiva.
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