Wer eine Quelle in eine Grube oder in kleine Gruben umleitet, [das gesammelte Wasser] ist für einen Zav und eine Metzorah ungültig und um das Wasser eines Chatats zu heiligen , da sie nicht in ein Gefäß gefüllt wurden. [Ein Zav ist einer, der eine bahnbrechende Emission hat, die ihn rituell unrein macht. Eine Stufe seines Reinigungsprozesses besteht darin, in natürlich fließendes Wasser einzutauchen. Sobald das Wasser in einer Grube gesammelt ist, gilt es nicht mehr als fließend und kann daher nicht für seinen Reinigungsprozess verwendet werden. Eine Metzora ist von einer bestimmten Hautkrankheit betroffen und rituell unrein. Eine Stufe seines Reinigungsprozesses besteht darin, dass ein Gefäß mit Wasser aus natürlich fließendem Wasser gefüllt wird und dass ein Vogel über diesem Gefäß getötet wird. Sobald das Wasser in einer Grube gesammelt ist, gilt es nicht mehr als fließend und kann daher nicht für dieses Ritual verwendet werden. Ebenso muss das Wasser zur Heiligung der Asche einer roten Färse für das Chatat- Ritual aus natürlich fließendem Wasser entnommen werden.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
המפנה את המעין לתוך הגת (he diverts/empties the spring into the wine vat) – that he made a trench from the spring until the wine vat in order that the he could divert there the waters of the spring, and afterwards stop them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
One who diverts a spring into a wine vat or into pools, the water is invalid for zavim and metzoraim. In this situation, a person diverts water from a spring into a wine vat or into some pools and after the vat or pools are full, he stops the connection with the spring such that the water is no longer connected to its source. Zavim people with abnormal genital discharge, cannot use this water because they need living water. For metzoraim, people with skin afflictions, they slaughter a bird above living water and sprinkle him with the water. This also requires living water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
גת – a cistern that they make in front of the wine vat to receive the wine which is called a גת/marked off space for serving as a wine vat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
And also for the preparation of the hatat water. It is also not valid for the preparation of hatat water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
גבים (cavity for collecting water, cistern) – it is the language of “This wadi shall be full of pools,” that is stated in the [Second] Book of Kings [Chapter 3, Verse 16]. And it is a pool/diluvium of water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Because it was not drawn into a vessel. This is the reason why this water cannot be used for any of these three rituals. The water in the vat or pools is no longer live water as it was when it was in the spring. And, the water is also not considered to be in a vessel for vats and pools are not vessels. Therefore, this water is invalid for any ritual requiring "living waters."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
פסולים- for those with gonorrhea for ritual immersion, for they are not fresh water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ולמצורעים – that we require fresh water to sprinkle upon him with the blood of the bird.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ולקדש מי חטאת – that we require fresh water, and these since they have been stopped up are not fresh water. And that which is taught in the Mishnah because they were not filled up by means of a utensil, in order to invalidate them for mixing in every matter even if he came to mix within the vat or within the pools of water themselves.
