Kommentar zu Orlah 1:6
נְטִיעָה שֶׁל עָרְלָה וְשֶׁל כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבוּ בִנְטִיעוֹת, הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יִלְקֹט. וְאִם לָקַט, יַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתַיִם, וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִתְכַּוֵּן לִלְקֹט. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אַף יִתְכַּוֵּן לִלְקֹט וְיַעֲלֶה בְאֶחָד וּמָאתָיִם:
Ein Trieb von Orlah oder ein Trieb von Kilayim [ein allgemeiner Begriff für das Produkt der verbotenen Kreuzung oder des Arbeitens bestimmter Tiere miteinander, des Zusammenpflanzens bestimmter Pflanzen oder des Verwebens bestimmter Fasern], die mit [anderen] Trieben verwechselt wurden - diese, er darf sich nicht versammeln. Wenn er sie gesammelt hat, wird sie in [einer Mischung aus] zweihundertein neutralisiert, vorausgesetzt, er hat sie nicht absichtlich gesammelt. Rabbi Yose sagt, selbst wenn er sie absichtlich gesammelt hat [um sie zu neutralisieren], wird sie [immer noch] in zweihundertein neutralisiert.
Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
שנתערבה בנטיעות – of permitted [saplings/plantings] and he doesn’t recognize the sapling of Orlah
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
Introduction
Our mishnah deals with orlah or a vineyard into which seeds had been planted which then become mixed up with non-prohibited plants or produce. The question is: does this mixture become nullified if the prohibited part is less than 1/200 of the permitted part?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
ושל כלאי הכרם – and of mixed seeds in a vineyard, as for example, if he transferred that which grows in a perforated pot (placed in the ground – which is legally like that which grows in the ground itself – see Mishnah Tractate Demai, Chapter 5, Mishnah 10) under one grape-vine and it was prohibited and he doesn’t recognize it amidst the rest of his grape-vines.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
If a shoot of orlah or a vineyard in which seeds had been planted (, became mixed up with [other] shoots, behold one may not gather [the fruit]. A person has a bunch of plants in his backyard, or a few vineyards. Some of the plants are orlah, or some of the vineyards have seeds of grain planted in them (kilayim). These plants or vineyards are prohibited. However, he doesn’t know which plants are orlah or which vineyards are kilayim (the grain is assumedly gone). If he has not yet gathered the fruit, he cannot gather any of the fruit from any of these plants. While some times prohibited things can become nullified if they are small enough percentages of a mixture, this is the case only if the produce is already detached from the ground. Since this produce is still attached to the ground, he cannot even pick it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
הרי זה לא ילקט – for since he doesn’t recognize it as something prohibited, all of them are prohibited.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Orlah
But if one has gathered [it], it is neutralized in two hundred-and-one, provided that he did not act deliberately. Rabbi Yose says: even if he acted deliberately, it becomes neutralized in two hundred-and-one. If he gathered it already without realizing that some of the produce was prohibited, then as long as there is not more than 1/200 part orlah or kilayim, the prohibited stuff is nullified. However, if he deliberately picked the produce, knowing that this would allow it to be nullified, he is penalized and it is prohibited. The rule is that one is not allowed to intentionally nullify a prohibited substance. Rabbi Yose says that this is not really a case of intentionally nullifying a prohibited substance. When he picks the produce he is not yet nullifying the prohibited plants, because the stuff still attached to the ground can’t be nullified. It is only nullified when the produce is picked and it turns out that less than 1/200 of it is prohibited. Therefore, he can deliberately pick the produce so that the prohibited plants will be nullified.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Orlah
אף יתכוין וילקט – for it is legal presumption that a person does not prohibit his vineyard through one sapling and we don’t suspect that perhaps he comes to combine the sapling ab initio. But even though that generally we don’t abolish a prohibition, ab initio, here is something that is not frequent, and we don’t make the decree. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.
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