Kommentar zu Oholot 4:3
הָיָה עוֹמֵד בְּתוֹךְ הַפֶּתַח וְנִפְתַּח לַחוּץ, טֻמְאָה בְתוֹכוֹ, הַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. טֻמְאָה בַבַּיִת, מַה שֶּׁבְּתוֹכוֹ טָמֵא, שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ הַטֻּמְאָה לָצֵאת וְאֵין דַּרְכָּהּ לְהִכָּנֵס. הָיְתָה מוּכְנִי שֶׁלּוֹ מְשׁוּכָה לַאֲחוֹרָיו שָׁלשׁ אֶצְבָּעוֹת, טֻמְאָה שָׁם כְּנֶגֶד הַקּוֹרוֹת, הַבַּיִת טָהוֹר. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּזְמַן שֶׁיֶּשׁ שָׁם פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, וְאֵינָהּ יוֹצְאָה, וְהַמִּגְדָּל בָּא בְמִדָּה:
Wenn es [der Schrank] in der Öffnung stand und sich nach außen öffnete, wenn Unreinheit darin ist, ist das Haus rein. Wenn es Unreinheiten im Haus gibt, ist das, was sich in [dem Schrank] befindet, unrein, denn die Art der Verunreinigung soll ausgehen und ihre Art nicht hineingehen. Wenn seine Radbasis drei Fingerbreiten dahinter hervorsteht: wenn es welche gab Unreinheit im Inneren direkt unter den Dachbalken, das Haus ist rein. Über welchen Fall wurde dies angegeben? Wenn dort eine Handbreite vorhanden ist, wenn sie nicht abnehmbar ist und wenn der Schrank das normale Maß ist.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
היה – the turret/cupboard was standing within the house, but the opening of the drawer was towards the outside.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
[In the case where] the cupboard is standing in the doorway and is opened outward, if there is uncleanness inside it, the house remains clean. The impurity escapes from the cupboard to the outside and therefore the contents of the house remain pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
טומאה בתוכה בבית טהור – for what is there is a reason to defile it? For there is no defilement that has an opening of a handbreadth and it is not hidden within. And because the departure of defilement also does not defile, because its departure/exuding is not inside within the house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If there is uncleanness in the house, that which is within [the cupboard] becomes unclean, for the manner of uncleanness is to go out and not to go in. The impurity escapes from the house through the cupboard, thereby defiling all that is in the cupboard.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
טומאה בבית מה שבתוכו טהור- for it is not the manner of defilement to enter/seep in there.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If its wheeled base protruded three fingerbreadths behind it and there was uncleanness inside it under the roof-beams, the house remains clean. The cupboard is sitting in the doorway on a wheeled base. The wheeled base is in the house, but only by three fingerbreadths, less than a handbreadth. The wheeled base has something unclean (piece of corpse) on it and it sits underneath the roof-beams of the house. Since the wheeled base is within three fingerbreadths of the cupboard, it is treated like the cupboard itself and the impurity on the wheeled base does not go into the house, even though it is under the beams of the house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
מוכני (wheel-work, machine for lifting weights) – a wheel that is made for the turret/cupboard to bring it from place to place.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
When does this ruling apply? When there is a space of one cubic handbreadth, when it is not easily detachable, and when the cupboard is of the stipulated size. The rule in section three is true only if the following three conditions are met: 1) The wheelbase has the dimensions of an ohel a square handbreadth. With these dimensions it can prevent the impurity from escaping into the house. 2) The wheelbase is firmly attached to the cupboard, thereby allowing it to be treated as part of the cupboard. 3) The cupboard is large enough to hold 40 seahs of liquid/60 seah of dry goods, which is the size the cupboard needs to be for it not to be impure. If the cupboard is smaller, it does not prevent impurity from escaping or entering (we will return to this subject in 8:1).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
משוכה לאחוריו (if its base protruded -backwards)- distanced from the back of the turret/cupboard to the side of the house. For the turret stands on the opening and the wheel-work/base protrudes backwards towards of the house inside, but the defilement there within the wheel-work is opposite the beams of the house. Even though the house overshadows upon it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
הבית טהור – for the wheel-work/base is considered like a turret/cupboard, for the turret stands at the entrance and opens outward. And the three fingers that it (i.e., the Mishnah) took, if it was protruding more than three fingerbreadths, it would not be like a turret/cupboard, for it is not the manner to distance the wheel-work/base from the turret so much.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
בזמן שיש שם פותח טפח – for the cavity of the wheel-work/base that the defilement is contained in is open a handbreadth, in order that there not be pressed ritual impurity that it breaks through and rises.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
ואינה יוצאת – for the wheel-work/base is not detached completely from the turret/cupboard.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והמגדל בא במדה (and the cupboard comes in requisite size) – that it holds forty Se’ah in moist with are two Kors in dry. And when it is in requisite size it is not susceptible to receive defilement and it interposes before the defilement. But less than this measure, it is like the rest of the vessels that are susceptible to receive defilement and it does not interpose before the defilement. And every turret/cupboard that is taught in this chapter [of Mishnah], is a cupboard that comes in requisite size.
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