Diese machen ungültig und heben nicht auf: [gezogenes] Wasser, ob rein oder unrein, und Pflückwasser und Wasser, in dem Lebensmittel gekocht wurden, und minderwertiger Wein [hergestellt durch Fermentieren von in Wasser getauchten Traubenresten], der noch nicht fermentiert hat. Wie machen sie ungültig und erhöhen nicht? Wenn es eine ist Mikwe mit vierzig se'ah weniger eine kortov [A Minutenvolumen Maßnahme] und ein kortov [ein] von diesen hinein fiel, hat es hebt ihn nicht [ein voll vierzig zu sein se'ah und damit ein vollständige Mikwe ]; und drei Protokolle davon [von einem von diesen] würden [eine solche Mikwe ] ungültig machen . Aber die verbleibenden Flüssigkeiten [wie Öle und Weine] und Fruchtsäfte und Säfte von gesalzenem Fisch und Fischsole und minderwertigem Wein, sobald er fermentiert ist, [all dies] erheben manchmal [eine Mikwe , um vollständig zu sein] und manchmal nicht erhöhen. Wie? Wenn es eine ist Mikwe mit vierzig se'ah weniger ein, und ein se'ah [einer] von diesen hinein fiel, es war nicht erhöht es [bis vollständig]. Wenn es [zu Beginn] vierzig Se'ah enthielt und man eine Se'ah [von einer davon] hinzufügte und [dann] eine Se'ah herausnahm , ist es damit gültig.
Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
המים – drawn [water] whether impure or pure.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
These invalidate the mikveh and do not raise it up to [the required quantity]: Drawn water, whether clean or unclean, water that has been used for pickling or for boiling, and grape-skin wine before it becomes vinegar. How do they make the mikveh invalid and do not raise it up [the required quantity]? If a mikveh contained forty seahs less a kortov, and a kortov of these fell into it, it does not raise it up [the required quantity]; And if there were three logs of any of these, they would invalidate the mikveh. The mishnah now explains the types of materials that do invalidate a mikveh. As we have learned many times, drawn water certainly invalidates a mikveh, at least one that doesn't already have forty seahs of valid water. This is true regardless of whether the water is pure or impure. Similarly, water that has been used for pickling or for boiling invalidates the mikveh. Grape-skin wine is really water with a little bit of flavor in it. This type of wine invalidates a mikveh only before it turns into vinegar. Grape-skin wine that has fermented into vinegar is dealt with in section two. If one of these substances falls into a mikveh and thereby raises the level of the mikveh to forty seahs, it does not cause the mikveh to have the requisite amount. And if three logs or more fall in, they invalidate the mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
מי כבשים (water in which food has been pressed) – water that they pressed in them olives or kinds of vegetables.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
But other liquids, and the juice of fruits, brine, and liquid in which fish has been pickled, and grape-skin wine that has fermented sometimes raise it up to [the required quantity] and sometimes do not raise it up. How so? If a mikveh contained forty seahs less one, and a seah of any of these fell in it, it does not raise it up to [the required quantity]. But if the mikveh contained forty seahs and a se'ah of any of these was put in and one seah was removed, the mikveh is still valid. Other liquids like milk, wine and the liquids listed here are neutral they neither raise the level nor invalidate the mikveh. If the mikveh has less than forty seahs and a seah of one of these substances spills in, it does not raise it up to the requisite level. But if the mikveh has the requisite level and one of these falls in and then one seah is removed, the mikveh remains valid because when the seah of the liquid fell in, there were already forty seahs. In this way, the liquid can, in a sense, aid in raising the mikveh to the requisite level.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
מי שלקות (water in which food has been seethed) – water in which they seethed/boiled thoroughly to a pulp vegetables.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
והתמד (husks and stalks of pressed grapes, steeped in water -used as inferior wine or as vinegar) – shells of grapes/pomace of kernels and pomace of grapes (i.e., the interior) or lees/sediment that one placed water upon them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
עד שלא החמיץ – that if it fermented, it is judged like fruit juice.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
קורטוב – one sixty-fourth of a LOG.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
פעמים מעלין – as we explain, when there in a Mikveh/ritual bath of forty Seah of kosher/fit water and he placed in a Seah of fruit juice and afterwards took a Seah of water from it and fruit juice mixed/combined together, behold the Seah of fruit juice that remained in the Mikveh completes/fills the Mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
פעמים אין מעלין – as it is taught – regarding a Mikveh that has forty Seah minus/less one [Seah].
