Auf New Moon und Chol Hamoed lasen vier Männer, nicht weniger und nicht mehr. Und es gibt keine Haftarah-Lesung in Propheten. [Denn auf Neumond und Chol Hamoed gibt es ebenfalls (den Faktor), Menschen von der Arbeit abzuhalten, wobei wesentliche Arbeit erlaubt ist.] Der Eröffner und der Abschließende in der Tora (Lesung) rezitieren der Eröffnungs- bzw. der Schlusssegen. Dies ist die Regel: Wo Mussaf und kein Jom Tov sind, gibt es vier (Leser); auf yom tov gibt es fünf; auf Jom Kippur sechs; am Schabbat sieben. [Für jeden Anlass hat mehr Funktionen als sein Nachbar mehr Leser. Daher gibt es auf Rosh Chodesh und Chol Hamoed, wo es ein Mussaf-Angebot gibt, vier Leser; auf yom tov, wo die Arbeit verboten ist, gibt es fünf; auf Jom Kippur, wo es eine Bestrafung von Kareth (Abschneiden) gibt, sechs; am Schabbat, wo es eine Bestrafung der Skilah (Steinigung) gibt, sieben.] Es kann nicht weniger geben, aber es kann mehr geben. Und es gibt eine Haftarah-Lesung in Propheten. Der Eröffner und der Abschließende in der Thora (Lesung) rezitieren die Eröffnung bzw. den abschließenden Segen.
Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
ואין מוסיפין עליהן – since on the New Moons and on the Intermediate Days of the Festival, there is also idleness from work, since work [related to] a business which cannot be postponed without irretrievable loss is permitted.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
Introduction
This mishnah continues to teach how many aliyot there are on the different occasions in which the Torah is read. Yesterday’s mishnah dealt with occasions in which there are only three, the minimum number of aliyot. Today’s mishnah lists occasions with four, five, six and seven aliyot. It seems that the more holy a holiday is, the more aliyot there are, and the more Torah is read.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Megillah
ביו"ט ה' – since anything that is greater than something of the same kind, increases the number of me. Therefore, on New Moons and on the Intermediate Days of the Festival,, where there is a Musaf/additional sacrifice, we read four [aliyot]; on Yom Tov/festivals where there is idleness from work, we read five, and on Yom Kippur which [if violated] is punished by extirpation, we read six. On Shabbat in which [one is] liable for stoning, we read seven [aliyot].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
On Rosh Hodesh and on the intermediate days of festivals four read. They do not add [to this number] nor decrease [from it], nor do they conclude with [a haftarah] from the Prophets. The one who begins the Torah reading and the one who concludes the Torah reading blesses before it and after it. This is the general rule: on any day which has a musaf and is not a festival four read. Rosh Hodesh and the intermediate days of the festival both have a musaf service (and when the Temple still stood there was a musaf sacrifice). However, they are not festivals, meaning that work is permitted on these days. These are sort of “in-between days.” Therefore they have four aliyot more than a normal day but less than a festival. The mishnah reiterates the rule that the first person who receives an aliyah recites the blessing before and the last person recites the blessing after.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
On a festival five. On the first and last day of Pesah, on the first day of Sukkot, on Shmini Atzeret (the last day of Sukkot), on Shavuot and on Rosh Hashanah there are five aliyot.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
On Yom Hakippurim six. On Yom Kippur there are six aliyot. Note that this makes Yom Kippur unlike all other holidays.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Megillah
On Shabbat seven; they may not decrease [from this number] but they may add [to it], and they conclude with [a haftarah] from the Prophets. The one who begins the Torah reading and the one who concludes the Torah reading blesses before it and after it. Shabbat differs from other occasions in several key ways. First of all, there are more aliyot on Shabbat than at any other time of the year. On other occasions there are a maximum of six aliyot and the mishnah states explicitly that they may not add to this number. Indeed, the mishnah may emphasize this to make sure that people do not try to turn other holidays into Shabbat by adding more aliyot. In contrast, on Shabbat they may add aliyot. Finally, there is a haftarah on Shabbat. Today we read a haftarah on festivals and on Yom Kippur as well. Finally, the same rule about the blessings still applies.
