Kommentar zu Maasrot 3:7
הַצְּרִיפִין וְהַבֻּרְגָּנִין וְהָאֶלְקָטִיּוֹת, פְּטוּרִין. סֻכַּת גִּנּוֹסַר, אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֶּשׁ בּוֹ רֵחַיִם וְתַרְנְגוֹלִים, פְּטוּרָה. סֻכַּת הַיּוֹצְרִים, הַפְּנִימִית חַיֶּבֶת, וְהַחִיצוֹנָה פְּטוּרָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, כָּל שֶׁאֵינָהּ דִּירַת הַחַמָּה וְדִירַת הַגְּשָׁמִים, פְּטוּרָה. סֻכַּת הֶחָג בֶּחָג, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְחַיֵּב, וַחֲכָמִים פּוֹטְרִין:
Kegelförmige Hütten, Wachtürme und Feldschuppen machen [Produkte] vom Zehnten befreit. Ein Sukkah [Stand, der rituell auf dem Sukkot- Festival bewohnt wurde] von Ginnosar, obwohl er Mühlsteine und Geflügel enthält, ist davon ausgenommen. Die Sukkah der Töpfer , die inneren Marken [produzieren] erfordern [den Zehnten] und die äußeren Marken befreit. Rabbi Yossi sagt: Alles, was nicht sowohl eine sonnige als auch eine regnerische Wohnung ist, ist davon ausgenommen. Eine Sukkah des Festivals, das auf dem Festival [von Sukkot ] verwendet wird: Rabbi Yehudah macht [in diese Sukkah eingebrachte Produkte ] zum [Zehnten], aber die Weisen sind davon ausgenommen.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
הצריפים – they lack a roof, but the beams above approach each other and become wider and enlarged downward.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
This mishnah deals with huts or “sukkah” like structures and whether they render produce liable for tithes. Part of the issue here is how similar these structures are to houses, which do render produce liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
הבורגנים (turrets) – like kinds of dove-cotes, made in the fields to store in them the fruit/produce.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Cone-shaped huts, watchtowers, and sheds in the field do not render [produce] liable. A cone-shaped hut does not have a roof and the rabbis defined houses as structures with roofs. Hence, it does not render the produce liable for tithes. While people spend time in watchtowers, they do not live in them, and therefore they are not considered houses. Neither do people live in sheds in a field they too do not render produce liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
והאלקטיות (sheds) – booths that they make during the hot days for shade; It is the Aramaic Targum for summer (sun-dried [fruits]).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
A sukkah-hut like those used in Ginnosar, even though it contains millstones and poultry, does not render [produce] liable. Sukkah-like huts all have roofs and therefore, they might render produce liable for tithes. In Ginnosar, which is on the shores of the Galilee, people would dwell in these huts most of the year in order to guard the produce in the field. They would even bring millstones in order to grind wheat and poultry in order to have eggs and perhaps some meat. Nevertheless, since they do not live in these huts all year round, they do not cause produce to become liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
סכת גינוסר- the Sea of Galilee we translate [into Aramaic] as Ginosar, and it is a place in the Land of Israel that its fruits are plentiful and good, and its drwellers make booths and dwell in them during the season of the fruits.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
As for the potter’s sukkah-hut, the inner part renders [produce] liable and the outer part does not. The potter’s sukkah is divided into two parts the inner part, which the potter and his family use for living quarters, and the outer part, where they do their work. The outer part does not count as a house and therefore, it does not make produce liable for tithes, whereas the inner part does.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
אע"פ שיש שם רחים ותרנגולים – it is not fixed/established [for liability for tithing].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Rabbi Yose says: anything which is not both a sunny season and rainy season dwelling does not render [produce] liable [to tithes]. Rabbi Yose clarifies that in order for a structure to count as a house it must be a structure in which people would live in both the summer and winter months. Otherwise, the produce that is brought into it does not need to be tithed. I should note that it doesn’t seem that Rabbi Yose is saying that the person must actually live there all year round. Vacation homes, if built like normal homes, would make produce liable for tithes. What he is saying is that if the house is built only to be used in one season, then it is not truly a “house” and it does not make liable for tithes.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
סוכת היוצרים – it is customary to make two booths, one inside the other; in the inner one they hide their pots/dishes, and dwell there, and in the outer one, they do their work and sell their dishes.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
A sukkah used on the Festival [of Sukkot]: Rabbi Judah says: this renders [produce] liable [for tithes] But the sages exempt. The final section in our mishnah is concerned with the sukkah used during the holiday of Sukkot. According to Rabbi Judah, since during Sukkot the sukkah is perceived, at least by him, as a “permanent dwelling place” it does render produce liable for tithes. Although one lives there only during Sukkot, for that week it is like one’s permanent home and just as one’s home renders liable for tithes, so too does the Sukkah. The rabbis disagree and hold that it is not truly a permanent home, since one lives there for only one week.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
כל שאינה דירת החמה ודירת הגשמים – and the inner booth, the creator does not dwell there during the rainy season, therefore it is exempt [from being liable for tithing]. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
רבי יהודה מחייב – Rabbi Yehuda according to his reasoning who holds that we require that the Sukkah is a permanent dwelling and is liable for a Mezuzah. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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