Ein Vater hat Rechte an seiner Tochter [wenn sie minderjährig oder na'arah ist] an ihrer Verlobung durch Geld, [ihr Verlobungsgeld gehört ihm, es wird in Bezug auf eine hebräische Magd geschrieben (2. Mose 21:11) : "Dann wird sie frei ausgehen, ohne Geld", was erklärt wird: Geld fällt nicht an diesen Meister zurück (dh an den Meister, der sie gekauft hat, von dem sie frei ausgeht, mit den Zeichen einer Na'arah) , aber Geld fällt an einen anderen Meister zurück. Und wer ist das? Ihr Vater, das Verlobungsgeld, das zu ihm zurückkehrt, selbst wenn sie eine Na'arah ist, bis sie ein Bogereth wird.], Durch Tat und durch Zusammenleben. [Er erhält eine Verlobungsurkunde für sie und überreicht sie zum Zusammenleben zur Verlobung an jeden, den er wünscht, wobei geschrieben steht (5. Mose 24: 2): "Und sie wird ausgehen ... und sie wird sein", die "Wesen" (dh (in die Ehe genommen) miteinander verglichen werden, nämlich: So wie Geld, das eines der "Wesen" ist, in der Domäne ihres Vaters liegt, so liegt die Verlobung durch Tat und Zusammenleben in der Domäne ihres Vaters.], und er erwirbt ihre Metziah [wegen Eivah (Rancor, dh sie will sie nicht füttern)] und das Werk ihrer Hände [es wird geschrieben (2. Mose 21: 7): "Und wenn ein Mann seine Tochter als Magd verkauft ""— So wie das Werk einer Magd ihrem Herrn gehört, so gehört das Werk einer Tochter ihrem Vater.] Und die Absolution ihrer Gelübde [geschrieben (in diesem Zusammenhang) (Numeri 30:17): "... in ihrer Jungfräulichkeit das Haus ihres Vaters. "], und er empfängt sie, [es steht geschrieben (5. Mose 24: 2):" Und sie wird ausgehen ... und sie wird sein " —"Ausgehen" (der Ehe) wird mit "Sein" verglichen. So wie ihr Vater ihre Verlobung empfängt, wenn sie minderjährig ist und wenn sie eine Na'arah ist, so erhält er sie erhalten.] Und er isst in ihrem Leben keine Früchte. [Wenn ihr Land aus dem Haus der Mutter ihres Vaters gefallen ist, isst ihr Vater ihre Früchte in ihrem Leben nicht, es sei denn, sie stirbt und er erbt sie.] Ihm (in Rechten) überlegen ist ihr Ehemann, [der alle hat Die oben erwähnten Rechte, die ein Vater an seiner Tochter hat und die (zusätzlich) die Früchte [des Eigentums, das ihr durch Erbschaft nach ihrer Heirat zugefallen ist] essen, essen.] Und er (der Ehemann) ist verpflichtet, sie zu füttern erlöse sie [wenn sie gefangen genommen wurde] und begrabe sie [die Weisen haben eingeführt, dass er sie begräbt; In Anbetracht ihres Erbes erbt ihr Ehemann sie bei ihrem Tod.] R. Yehudah sagt: Selbst ein armer Mann in Israel sollte nicht weniger (bei der Beerdigung seiner Frau) als zwei Flöten (für die Laudatio) und ein Wehklagen zur Verfügung stellen Frau.
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
וזנתה – [she fornicated] from the betrothal and she is a young woman.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
Deuteronomy 22:13-21 discusses a man who makes a virginity claim against his wife. Verse 19 states that if he was found to be lying “They shall fine him a hundred shekels of silver and give it to the girl’s father; for the man has defamed a virgin in Israel.” Verses 20-21 state that if the claim was found to be true, then the woman is stoned. Verses 22-23 deal with a betrothed woman who commits adultery, who is also stoned. From the phrase “a virgin in Israel”, our mishnah derives that the punishment of stoning is meted out in both of these cases only if the woman was a born Israelite. If she was a convert, then she is punished by strangulation, as are other adulterers.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
הרי זו בחנק – and even she converted younger than the age of three years, for she is in the status of a virgin, for when it is written [in the Torah] regarding [the penalty of] stoning, it is written with regard to an engaged young woman, with the daughter of an Israelite, as it is written (Deuteronomy 22:21): “for she did a shameful thing in Israel, [committing fornication while under her father’s authority].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
The mishnah lists three types of women who have committed an act of fornication, i.e. adultery. The first is a woman who has converted with her mother, the second is one whose mother converted between conception and birth, and third is one whose mother converted before conception. Each woman/girl has slightly different consequences to her crime.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולא מאה סלע – for if the husband was found to be lying, for the entire portion is written with regard to an Israelite (and not a convert).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
The daughter of a convert who converted together with her mother and then committed an act of fornication is subject to the penalty of strangulation. She is not [stoned] at the door of her father’s house nor [does her husband pay the] hundred sela’. Since this girl is herself a convert she does not count as a “virgin of Israel”. Therefore, if she commits adultery, she is punished by strangulation, the typical punishment for adultery. Deuteronomy 22:21 states that if the charge of not being a virgin was true, “then the girl shall be brought out to the entrance of her father’s house, and the men of her town shall stone her to death.” Since this girl was not a “virgin of Israel”, she is not brought out to the entrance to her father’s house. If the husband’s claim against her was false he need not pay the 100 sela [=shekel] fine, for she was not a “virgin of Israel”.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ולידתה בקדושה ה"ז סקילה – as Scripture states (Deuteronomy 22:21): “[and the men of the town] shall stone her to death,” for it does not need to say, “that she dies,” but rather, to include her conception that was not in a state of sanctity; but however, for a fine, we don’t include her, since for death she is included, but not for a fine.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If she was conceived in unholiness but her birth was in holiness she is subject to the penalty of stoning. She is not [stoned] at the door of her father’s house nor [does her husband pay the] hundred sela’. In this case the girl was conceived in unholiness, meaning her mother was not an Israelite when she was conceived. However, the mother converted before the birth and therefore she was born “in holiness”. In this case she is stoned if she commits adultery while a betrothed virgin. However, she does not get taken out to the entrance of her father’s house nor is her husband fined 100 shekels if he made a false claim against her. In other words she is in some ways treated like a full Israelite and in other ways she is not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
יש לה אב – we are speaking about an Israelite woman.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If she was both conceived and born in holiness she is regarded as a daughter of Israel in all respects. Although this girl’s mother is a convert, she herself is considered a full Israelite.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ואין לה פתח בית אביה – as for example, when the father does not have a house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
A girl who has a father but no door of her father’s house; or a door of her father’s house but no father, is subject to the penalty of stoning [the verse did not state] “the opening of her father’s house” (Deut. 22:21) except as a precept. This section teaches that if a girl has no father, or has a father but her father’s house doesn’t have a house with an entrance (for instance he is homeless), she is still liable to be stoned should she commit an act of fornication while betrothed. When the Torah states that she shall be taken out to the entrance of her father’s house, the intention was not that if she didn’t have a father with a house with an entrance, that she would not receive the prescribed penalty. Rather the intention was that if she should commit such an act of fornication, she should be stoned at the entrance to her father’s house, if such a place exists. In other words, its lack of existence does not impede upon the carrying out of the other elements to the passage in Deuteronomy.
