Kommentar zu Kelim 3:7
מֵחַם שֶׁטְּפָלוֹ בְחֹמֶר וּבְחַרְסִית, הַנּוֹגֵעַ בַּחֹמֶר, טָמֵא. וּבַחַרְסִית, טָהוֹר. קוּמְקוּם שֶׁנִּקַּב וַעֲשָׂאוֹ בְזֶפֶת, רַבִּי יוֹסֵי מְטַהֵר, שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְקַבֵּל אֶת הַחַמִּין כְּצוֹנֵן. וְכֵן הָיָה אוֹמֵר בִּכְלֵי זֶפֶת. כְּלֵי נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁזְּפָתָן, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם לְיַיִן, טְמֵאִין:
Wenn ein Gefäß zum Erhitzen von Wasser mit Töpferton oder Kaolin verputzt wird, ist alles, was den Ton berührt, verunreinigt, aber was den Kaolin berührt, ist nicht verunreinigt. Rabbi Yose ist ein Wasserkocher, der mit Pech perforiert und repariert wurde. Er erklärt ihn für rein, weil er kein heißes Wasser halten kann, da er kaltes Wasser halten kann. Und so sagt er in Bezug auf Pechgefäße. Mit Pech verputzte Kupfergefäße sind rein. Aber wenn sie für Wein sind, sind sie Verunreinigungen ausgesetzt.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מיחם – a vessel that they heat water in (i.e., a boiler).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A cauldron which was lined with mortar or with potter's clay: That which touches the mortar is unclean; But that which touches the potter's clay is clean. The mishnah presents an earthenware cauldron which was lined with either of two materials: mortar or potter's clay. The mortar is thick and is a permanent coating. Therefore, if the kettle is defiled the coating is as well and it will subsequently affect food or liquid as well, as if they touched the kettle. But the potter's clay is not permanent and is thinner than the mortar. Therefore the lining is not affected by the impurity of the kettle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בחומר- thick plaster.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A kettle which was punctured and the hole was stopped with pitch: Rabbi Yose rules that it is clean since it cannot hold hot water as cold. According to Rabbi Yose the pitch used to stop up the hole is not sufficient to make the kettle useful again. Since it cannot be used for its main purpose, to hold hot water, it is not considered to be a vessel and it cannot contract impurity. This is true even though it can be used to hold cold water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
חרסית (potter’s clay) – thin like earthenware. But there are those who explain/interpret it as crushing/pounding of earthenware.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The same ruling he also gave concerning vessels made of pitch. Copper vessels which were lined with pitch the lining is clean, But if they are used for wine, it is unclean. Rabbi Yose issued the same ruling with regard to all vessels coated with pitch. If the vessel was meant to be used with hot water, the pitch cannot be made impure by the impurity of the vessel. This is illustrated with regard to copper vessels. If the copper vessel was designed to be used with hot liquids, the impurity of the vessel is not transmitted to the coating. But if the vessel is used to hold wine which is cold, the vessel can transmit impurity to the lining because the lining is sufficient for holding wine.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הנוגע בחומר טמא – because it Is joined and attached to the kettle and is considered like the essence of the vessel. Therefore, if the boiler is defiled, the thick plaster surrounding it is defiled like it, and those eating who touch the thick plaster are impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ובחרסית טהור – for the potter’s clay is not joined but is scraped/peeled and falls off, and is not considered like the essence of the vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קומקום (kettle) – it is larger than a boiler, and in the foreign language, they call it a KUMKUMO.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שאינו יכול לקבל את החמין – for the pitch is smelted and melts/dissolves in hot water, and even though it is able to hold the cold water, it is not considered as a vessel and is pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וכן היה אומר בכלי זפת – vessels that are made from pitch itself, which are pure, since they are not able to hold the hot like they can the cold. But my Rabbis explained, regarding vessels lined with pitch, in pitch vessels of pitch, and it explains further on [in this Mishnah], how so? Vessels of copper that were lined with pitch are pure. If the vessels were impure and a person or foods or liquids touched/came in contact with pitch, they are pure, for the pitch does not combine and is not considered like the essence of the vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ואם ליין – if he lined them with pitch from the outset to place in them wine and it was not his intention to use them for hot liquids at all.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טמאין – for the vessel requires pitch and the pitch is attached/joined.
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