Die folgenden Häute sind anfällig für Midras- Verunreinigungen: eine Haut, die als Teppich verwendet werden soll, eine Haut, die als Schürze verwendet wird, eine Haut, die als Bettdecke verwendet wird, eine Haut, die von einem Eselfahrer verwendet wird, eine Haut, die von a verwendet wird Flachsarbeiter, eine Haut, die von einem Träger verwendet wird [der Lasten auf seinen Schultern trägt], eine Haut, die von einem Arzt verwendet wird, eine Haut, die für eine Wiege verwendet wird, eine Haut, die als Lätzchen für die Brust eines Kindes verwendet wird, eine Haut für eine Kissen, ein Fell für eine Decke; [alle diese sind anfällig für] Midras Verunreinigungen. In Bezug auf eine Haut, die zum [Einwickeln] von gekämmter Wolle verwendet wird, und eine Haut, die von einem Wollkämmer verwendet wird, um sie auf die Knie zu legen, sagt Rabbi Eliezer: [sie ist anfällig für] Midras- Verunreinigungen; und die Weisen sagen: [es ist nur anfällig für] Leichenunreinheit.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
לשטיח (for a rug) – to stretch/spread on the ground and to sit upon it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The following hides are susceptible to midras uncleanness: A hide which he intended to use as a rug, A hide used as an apron, A hide used as the lower covering of a bed, A hide used by a donkey-driver, A hide used by a flax-worker, A hide used by a porter, A hide used by a doctor, A hide used for a crib, A hide put over a child's chest, A hide for a cushion. A hide for a covering. All these are susceptible to midras uncleanness. For a hide to be subject to midras uncleanness it must be either sat, laid or leaned upon. All of the following hides fit this criterion. I shall explain the ones that seem to require some explanation. A hide used by a donkey-driver: While usually put over his clothing, sometimes he would sit on this hide. A hide used by a flax-worker: Placed in front of the flax-worker to protect him while he beats the flax. A hide used by a porter: The hide covers his shoulders. A hide used by a doctor: As an apron. A hide put over a child's chest: Like a bib. While the main use of these hides is not necessarily for sitting, leaning or lying down, they are sometimes used in this manner and therefore they are susceptible to midras impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
סקורטיא (leather coat, leather apron, table cover) – leather that the tanners wear at the time of their work.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A hide for wrapping up combed wool and a hide worn by a wool-comber: Rabbi Eliezer says it is susceptible to midras, But the sages say that it is susceptible to corpse uncleanness only. According to Rabbi Eliezer, the hide used to cover combed wool and the hide used to protect wool-worker are also susceptible to midras, because sometimes one might sit or lie on them. The sages disagree and say that these types of hides are not sat or laid upon and therefore are susceptible only to corpse impurity, which is true of all vessels.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קטבליא (hide spread over the bed-frame – see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 16, Mishnah 4) – leather that they spread over the bed and lie upon it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור החמר (hide of an ass driver) – this is our reading But we don’t have the reading of עור החמור/the hide of the ass. That is to say, the leather that the ass-driver places on his clothes when he loads up his ass.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור הכתן (leather of the flax beater) – the leather that the flax artisans place before them in order that the hatchelled flax doesn’t stick to their clothing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור הכתף (the leather of the porter/carrier) – the porter places on his shoulder in order that the load/burden that is on his shoulder not damage him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור הרופא – the doctor of the societies places before him leather so that his clothing will not be soiled with the blood of the wounds.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור העריסה (hide of the crib) – that the place on the crib of a small baby.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור הלב של קטן – it was customary to gird leather on the loins of a young child opposite his heart , so that the cat will not strike him on his heart and he will die.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור הכר והכסת – of a bed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור הסרוק (leather of the dealer in hatchelled wool) – the leather that the artisans of combers gird on their loins.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
עור הסורק – artisans who comb flax.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ר' אליעזר אומר מדרס – and all the more so, someone who came in contact with someone defiled by a corpse. For it taught in the Mishnah in chapter בא סימן/The Sign comes [Tractate] Niddah, (Chapter 6), Folio 49a (Mishnah 3): “Whatever is susceptible to Midras/treading uncleanness is susceptible to corpse uncleanness.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וחכמים אומרים טמא מת – but not corpse uncleanness, or they are not made to be sat upon. And the Halakha is according to the Sages.
